【正文】 ection. 動用大規(guī)模開采礦化質(zhì)量的傾角開采頗具實力的影響采礦方法是否會被歸類為一個房柱系統(tǒng)。如果沒有足夠陡峭的重力移動破碎巖石傾角，必須采用機(jī)械方法，從礦石中 踩出 的 礦 房移動。在其他打開廢坑方法材料可能流動出于頂蝕 畢業(yè)設(shè)計英語翻譯 14 作用區(qū)域由重力，并且人設(shè)備不必須被暴露在開放廢坑。然而，直到這種變化表明，該系統(tǒng)還具有的優(yōu)勢，許多方面的開采周期是重復(fù)的。 The system can be applied to multiple levels simultaneously , in a manner that the operation of one mining level will not affect the structural conditions the other mining level . 該系統(tǒng)可同時應(yīng)用多層次的方式，一個開采水平的運作，不會影響其他采礦 畢業(yè)設(shè)計英語翻譯 15 水平的 結(jié)構(gòu)性條件。 The system can be applied as a very selective mining system , leaving waste in pillars , or if the seam thins by lowering and raising the back or floor , depending on the amount of dilution allowed . Yet the same system can be bee a bulk mining system , taking everything at a given horizon and thickness and leaving only the remnants of uniform pillars . 系統(tǒng)可以被應(yīng)用作為一個非常有選擇性的采礦系統(tǒng)，留下廢 石 在柱子，或者，如果縫通過降低和培養(yǎng)后面或地板變薄，根據(jù)稀釋允許的相當(dāng)數(shù)量。理想情況下，采礦工程師計劃的操作，這將最大限度地提高和 /或保證系統(tǒng)的優(yōu)勢的延續(xù)，同時最大限度地減少或消除了已知的缺點。這方面的房柱采礦明顯區(qū)別開采場的其他方法。 The socalled “cascade mining “ used at Mufulira , the panelandpillar method used between sublevels of the Soumont mine in Normandy , the pillarandchambering system used at the Konrad mine in West Germany , and the flat hole benching method drilled from Alimak climbers at the Denison mine in Canada , are all examples of open stoping of steeply dipping ore bodies which result in a bination of open rooms or chambers and pillars . However , the cascade mining at Mufulira also removes the pillar almost immediately in a second cycle of mining which then allows the hanging wall to cave as the mining retreats along the strike . If the dip is not steep enough for the broken rock to move by gravity , mechanical methods must be employed to move the ore from the room where it was extracted .This results in men and/or machinery reentering the stopes after blasting and remaining there at least until the material is removed . This aspect of roomandpillar mining differentiates it from other openstope methods .Because of this , safety precautions must be taken in the pillar design ventilation requirements the roof control plan , and the necessity of roof and pillar scaling .In other openstope methods the material can flow out of the stoping area by gravity ,and men equipment do not have to be exposed to the open stopes . 所謂的 “連帶采礦 在穆富利拉銅礦公司使用 ,所謂的條帶開采 在諾曼底公司的礦山使用 , 康拉德在西德礦，平洞鉆在加拿大丹尼森礦鉗工的方法，從阿利馬克登山，使用的 房主采礦 系統(tǒng)，是所有 房主采礦 開 采 的陡傾礦體回采導(dǎo)致組合的例子。這不 是很久以前低為 （ 12）煤層開采利用刮刀移動煤炭運輸進(jìn)入荷蘭。但它成為一個問題的可允許提取比率及 /或加強(qiáng)支柱。這取決于許多因素內(nèi)的開采計劃，在巖石上的固有骨折，支柱設(shè)計強(qiáng)度負(fù)荷比。在較厚的采礦區(qū)之一支柱直徑必須增加或支柱必須是鋼筋或兩者兼而有之。對我的這些巨型的結(jié)構(gòu)，頂蝕作用必須水平地擴(kuò)展和為了垂直提取礦化的區(qū)域的充分的高度和寬度 。 If the mineral to be mined is dipping steeply enough that the material will flow by gravity , and at the same time is very thick or very thin (narrow) , the reserve is not one which should be mined by roomandpillar methods . Other than these limitations related to the shape of the deposit and where single entries can be used , roomandpillar mining is flexible enough in both the horizontal and vertical directions too follow the outlines of all other mineral reserves . To the extent that the extracted material can be loaded and moved from where it is broken by mechanical equipment and where petent pillars can be formed (or reinforced ), the shape of the mineral body to be mined will not preclude the selection of roomandpillar 畢業(yè)設(shè)計英語翻譯 11 mining . There are a few examples which will illustrate this flexibility .To mine the zinc reserves of eastern Tennessee , the roomandpillar mining system must be flexible enough to follow the narrow ore stringers formed by fracture filling , which often lead to collapsed dome structures .To mine these massive structures, the stoping has to expand horizontally and vertically in order to extract the full height and width of the mineralized zone .In a similar mining situation in portions of the Bonne Terre mine of the Old Lead Belt of Missouri , vertical pillars as high as m (200 ft) were left after many mining slices were removed. At the Iron Mountain mine near Pilot Knob ,MO ,an ore body the shape of the an inverted bowl was successfully mined by roomandpillar methods. 如果傾角允許，被采下的礦石依靠重力，與此同時，礦體的厚度比較薄或窄，這樣的礦不適合使用房柱采礦法。 While many of the mines use roomandpillar methods , a large percentage of very small mines also use them .In fact , while the size of the mass to be mined does affect the size of the operating mine , it has no effect on whether or not it is advisable to use roomandpillar mining . Many a small roomandpillar zinc mine has been operated in the IllinoisWisconsin area ,as well as in the old TriState district of Missouri , Oklahoma , and Kansas. Yet ,the same basic system is operating at White Pine where as much as 20 (22,500 stpd0has been produced . 而許多 礦山 使用房柱 采礦 的方法，很大比例的一個非常小的 礦山 還可以使用他們。稍后在本節(jié)中 畢業(yè)設(shè)計英語翻譯 10 的方法加強(qiáng)巖石和細(xì)節(jié)的房間和支柱的百分比的設(shè)計以及允許提取的準(zhǔn)備金 ,將涵蓋。事實上，當(dāng)一個著眼于通常由房間和支柱方法開采 實力 （ 40,000 至 50,000 PSI）下降到 “主機(jī) ”巖石類型，材料的廣譜 （ 4000? 5000），開采深度約 15米（ 50英尺）從不同超過 914米（ 3000英尺），人們開始認(rèn)識到與今天的方法，加強(qiáng)質(zhì)量或使用的設(shè)計工具的巖石巖石力學(xué)發(fā)展等系統(tǒng)的壓力拱面板和支柱系統(tǒng)，或使用高產(chǎn)制結(jié)構(gòu)或機(jī)械的預(yù)定率在最終失敗似乎，幾乎任何巖石將維持不立即主要支持 的開發(fā)開放，很可能一些房間和支柱采礦的形式進(jìn)行開采。正在考慮的穩(wěn)固性系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的礦山工程師必須評估這些力量的一般程度，以及質(zhì)量將公開的開放的材料的強(qiáng)度。 并且退回最高的經(jīng)濟(jì)獲取的操作。 and an operation which returns the highest economic gain. 礦石和廢物在以后提出的物理性能的討論的目的是明確的讀者，為什么房間支柱挖掘具有廣泛的應(yīng)用。當(dāng)然，有一些理想的條件下，相對高效的房和柱采礦，他們絕不是限制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)應(yīng)選 擇從哪個房柱采礦。圖 6 日和 7 日是典型的（ paulick， 1963）。在這里，面板，奠定了在一系列 （ 100英尺）采場和 米（ 100英尺）的支柱。這項計劃，可能 是 要在地下空間利用 （克里斯蒂安森和斯科特， 1975年） 工業(yè)發(fā)展 中應(yīng)用 。因為 地底 上的礦石或地面穩(wěn)定的需要，因為他們留下的大 “支柱 ”。但直到那個時候 ，它還代表無法訪問礦石除外，任何多余的礦石，使礦石更破碎的余地。因此， 下向回