【正文】 解決方法是最主要的不重要，重要的是哪個(gè)可行。這項(xiàng)新技術(shù)是必需的，因?yàn)榈乾F(xiàn)有的硬件沒(méi)有能力來(lái)處理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)過(guò)程控制信號(hào)，如 4 至 20 毫安的電流輸入和輸出信號(hào)。因?yàn)橐寻惭b的 D / 3 系統(tǒng) [1] 只提供了與多總線板串行連接，以實(shí)現(xiàn) DMA 與 VME 的連接并用其模擬多總線板的功能。 德國(guó)電子同步加速器研究所對(duì) 過(guò)程管理系統(tǒng)的篩選 集散控制系統(tǒng)（ D/ 3）： 市場(chǎng)調(diào)查表明：來(lái)自 GSE 的 D / 3 系統(tǒng)被 HERA 低溫冷藏工廠選中。而通信網(wǎng)絡(luò)的暢通與否取決于不存檔的數(shù)據(jù)總量，不取決于報(bào)警系統(tǒng)中配置的數(shù)據(jù)。這包括 D / 3，以及德國(guó)電子同步加速器研究所的集成總線 SEDAC 和 VME 的溫度轉(zhuǎn)換器。有兩個(gè)因素引起了這些問(wèn)題。所有的附加功能都必須添加進(jìn)去。在 2021 年 3 月，此系統(tǒng)最后被付諸實(shí)踐。在 CERN 由聯(lián)合控制項(xiàng)目 [4]進(jìn)行的廣泛調(diào)查促使他們做出 使用 PVSS 作為代替品的決定。它還提供附加的管理服務(wù)，如：控制經(jīng)理，數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)管理，用戶界面， API 經(jīng)理以及在建的 HTTP服務(wù)器。集成環(huán)境將努力克服這個(gè)限制。 EPICS 通過(guò)其完整的功能，運(yùn)用于沒(méi)有由 D / 3 系統(tǒng)控制的低溫冷藏系統(tǒng)。此外，如通道歸檔和圖形顯示（ dm2k） 會(huì) 被使用。德國(guó)電子同步加速器研究所公用事業(yè)集團(tuán)已制定 了一套工具來(lái)創(chuàng)建 IOC數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)和配置文件。靈活的命名方案，默認(rèn)的顯示和每個(gè)記錄的報(bào)警屬性緩和了運(yùn)作工具和 IOC 之間的連接。此外，定期執(zhí)行一個(gè)確定功能的基本特征也讓他們通過(guò)以太網(wǎng)通信，包括內(nèi)置的 HTTP 服務(wù)器和不同集合的通訊方案。 PLC’ s 和智能 I / O 子系統(tǒng)的差別正在消失。 前端控制器： 對(duì)控制系統(tǒng)的核心要素之一，是前端控制器。另外，這些嵌入式屬性修改是很難尋覓，因?yàn)槠渲猩婕皟蓚€(gè)或兩個(gè)以上軌道系統(tǒng)這可能是一個(gè)有力的論據(jù)是，為什么控制回路主要實(shí)施在 IOC 層面，而不是 PLC’ s 層 面。運(yùn)行時(shí)環(huán)境取決于相關(guān)代碼。編碼發(fā)電機(jī)可以產(chǎn)生 C 代碼。開(kāi)放 API 或腳本支持有時(shí)有助于整合用戶的硬件。在這種情況下， OPC 更趨向于微軟的 DCOM 標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 新的工業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如 OPC，和 OPC 設(shè)施聯(lián)系，還和控制系統(tǒng)之間互相聯(lián)系。所有 SCADA 系 統(tǒng)在市場(chǎng)商業(yè)運(yùn)作中是可行的。為復(fù)雜的啟動(dòng)和關(guān)閉處理程序設(shè)立的頻率程序也可以運(yùn)行工作站。對(duì)顯示和控件的屬性的支持是必不可少的。它的缺點(diǎn)就是復(fù)雜，難以達(dá)到控制屬性。但是，在極少數(shù)情況下，只通過(guò)商業(yè)的立場(chǎng)時(shí)難以回答的。 智能 I / O： I / O 設(shè)備上的新發(fā)展允許在更小的群體中集群 I / O 并把這些集群 I / O渠道鏈接到控制系統(tǒng)。后者大大降低了信息擁堵的情況 。 作為一個(gè) DCS 系統(tǒng)的 EPICS： 作為 SCADA 系統(tǒng)的基本組成部分， EPICS 還提供完整的輸入輸出控制器（ IOC）。所有這些都是基本的 SCADA功能。 作為一個(gè) SCADA 系統(tǒng)的 EPICS： 該公共事業(yè)組（水，電，壓縮空氣，加熱和調(diào)溫）使用各種散布在整個(gè)德國(guó)電子同步加速器研究所網(wǎng)站上的 PLC。從成為低溫控制系統(tǒng)的數(shù)據(jù)收集器和數(shù)量控制器， EPICS 成為了德國(guó)電子同步加速器研究所公用事業(yè)集團(tuán)使用的核心系統(tǒng)。相比其他 SCADA系統(tǒng) PVSS 帶有一個(gè)基本特點(diǎn)：它提供了 API 給設(shè)備的數(shù)據(jù)。其核心元素叫做事件管理器。 SCADA（ PVSS Ⅱ ）： 在 HERA 加速器上的 H1 實(shí)驗(yàn)中，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員為升級(jí)他們的低速控制系統(tǒng)，決定使用 PVSS Ⅱ。 最后，與 Orsi 公司的合同被取消了。第二個(gè)由現(xiàn)有 D / 3 系統(tǒng)復(fù)雜的功能造成的額外負(fù) 荷引起的。但是因?yàn)?HERA 試驗(yàn)原定時(shí)間是有限制的，所以技術(shù)問(wèn)題和組織問(wèn)題也迫使計(jì)劃提前。由于急需給 Orsi 公司提供他們的產(chǎn)品， Cube 開(kāi)始起作用了 [2]。在展示端和 I / O 端擴(kuò)展此系統(tǒng)的可能將有助于解決日益增加的 HERA 試驗(yàn)控制的要求。其操作系統(tǒng)是 VxWorks，而應(yīng)用程序是 EPICS。此外，在實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)復(fù)雜的低溫 冷藏系統(tǒng)的開(kāi)閉過(guò)程中，頻率項(xiàng)目顯得尤為重要。本文介紹工業(yè)控制系統(tǒng)， PlC controlled turn key系統(tǒng)，和 CCS 工具，以及它們之間的操作。經(jīng)濟(jì)因素使決定趨向于協(xié)同工具。被應(yīng)用的控制系統(tǒng)的種類取決于技術(shù)要求。 INDUSTRIAL AND COLLABORATIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS A COMPLEMENTARY SYMBIOSIS – Looking at today?s control system one can find a wide variety of implementations. From pure industrial to collaborative control system (CCS) tool kits to home grown systems and any variation inbetween. Decisions on the type of implementation should be driven by technical arguments Reality shows that financial and sociological reasons form the plete picture. Any decision has it?s advantages and it?s drawbacks. Reliability, good documentation and support are arguments for industrial controls. Financial arguments drive decisions towards collaborative tools. Keeping the hands on the source code and being able to solve problems on your own and faster than industry are the argument for home grown solutions or open source solutions. The experience of many years of operations shows that which solution is the primary one does not matter, there are always areas where at least part of the other implementations exist. As a result heterogeneous systems have to be maintained. The support for different protocols is essential. This paper describes our experience with industrial control systems, PLC controlled turn key systems, the CCS tool kit EPICS and the operability between all of them. INTRODUCTION Process controls in general started at DESY in the early 80th with the installation of the cryogenic control system for the accelerator HERA (HadronElektronRingAnlage). A new technology was necessary because the existing hardware was not capable to handle standard process controls signals like 4 to 20mA input and output signals and the software was not designed to run PID control loops at a stable repetition rate of seconds. In addition sequence programs were necessary to implement startup and shutdown procedures for the plex cryogenic processes like cold boxes and pete pressor streets. Soon it was necessary to add interfaces to field buses and to add puting power to cryogenic controls. Since the installed D/3 system[1] only provided an documented serial connection on a multibus board, the decision was made to implement a DMA connection to VME and to emulate the multibus board?s functionality. The necessary puting power for temperature conversions came from a Motorola MVME 167 CPU and the field bus adapter to the in house SEDAC field bus was running on an additional MVME 162. The operating system was VxWorks and the application was the EPICS toolkit. Since this implementation was successful it was also implemented for the utility controls which were looking for a generic solution to supervise their distributed PLC?s. A SELECTION OF PROCESS CONTROL SYSTEMS AT DESY DCS (D/3) As a result of a market survey the D/3 system from GSE was selected for the HERA cryogenic plant. The decision was fortunate because of the DCS character of the D/3. The possibility to expand the system on the display and on the I/O side helped to solve the increasing control demands for HERA. The limiting factor for the size of the system is not the total number of I/O but the traffic on the munication work. This traffic is determined by the total amount of archived data not by the data configured in the alarm system. The technical background of this limitation is the fact that archived data are polled from the display servers whereas the alarms are pushed to configured destinations like alarmfiles, (printer) queues or displays. SCADA Systems with DCS Features (Cube) The fact that the D/3 system mentioned above had some hard coded limitations with respect to the Y2K problem was forcing us to look for an upgrade or a replacement of the existing system. As a result of a call for tender the pany Orsi with their product Cube came into play [2]. The project included a plete replacement of the installed functionality. This included the D/3 as well as the integration of the DESY fie