【正文】 t’s 1978 essay “Literature and Ecology: An Experiment in Ecocriticism” and apparently lay dormant in critical vocabulary until the 1989 Western Literature Association meeting, when Cheryll Glotfelty not only revived the term but urged its adoption to refer to the diffuse critical field that heretofore had been known as “the study of nature writing.” Cheryll’s call for an “ecocriticism” was immediately seconded at that same WLA meeting by Glen Love in his Past President’s speech, entitled “Revaluing Nature: Toward an Ecological Literary Criticism”. Since that meeting in 1989, the term “ecocriticism” has bloomed in usage. 2. Confliction between Nature and Culture The Symbol of the Wilderness The word “wilderness” derives from the AngloSaxon “wilddeoren”: 4 where “deoren” exists beyond the boundaries of cultivation. So the useful part is “wild” which has been endowed with different meanings. In the course of human’s conquering nature, wilderness gradually loses selfdiscipline and its value. Particularly, with the roaring of anthropocentrism, wilderness is enduring disaggregation and reference being read. Generally speaking, the symbolic idea of wilderness presents two plex archetypes: the result of human’s moral desolation and spiritual degenerateness, and the place of moral returning and spiritual purifying. In literary history, it is regarded as the shadow of civilization connecting with evil as well as the synonymy of civilization relating to spiritual purifying, which is tinted with different cultural colors. The wilderness is also associated with Satan. In JudacoChristian conception, wilderness bines trial and danger with freedom redemption and purity。 Ecocriticism。 除此之外， 精神生態(tài)理論認(rèn)為人的心靈健康是生態(tài)平衡的重要因素。然而，從生態(tài)批評(píng)角度對(duì)其進(jìn)行研究卻寥寥無幾。 I 中圖分類號(hào)： 學(xué)號(hào)： 南陽師范學(xué)院 本科畢業(yè)論文 論文題目： 生態(tài)批評(píng)視域中的《呼嘯山莊》 作 者： 指導(dǎo)教師： 學(xué) 院： 外 國 語 學(xué) 院 專 業(yè)： 英 語 班 級(jí)： 二〇一三 年 三 月 II 生態(tài)批評(píng)視域中的《呼嘯山莊》 南陽師范學(xué)院 外國語學(xué)院 英語專業(yè) 申請(qǐng)文學(xué)學(xué)士學(xué)位 畢業(yè)論文 作 者： 指導(dǎo)教師： III Wuthering Heights from Ecocritical Perspective A Thesis Submitted to English Department, School of Foreign Languages, Nanyang Normal University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts By Supervisor： IV Acknowledgements I would like to thank all those who have given me their generous help, mitment and enthusiasm, which have been the major driving force to plete the current paper. Especially I would like to take this chance to express my sincere gratitude to my supervisor, , who is my supervisor as well as an excellent teacher in our Foreign Language School for her kindly assistance and valuable suggestions during the process of my thesis writing. Her willingness to give her time so generously has been very much appreciated. My gratitude also extends to my classmates and peer friends, for their encouragement and support for the pletion of this thesis. V 摘 要 艾米莉本文從生態(tài)批評(píng)的角度來解讀《呼嘯山莊》中自然與文明的關(guān)系，二者之間的相互斗爭，相互交融，最終達(dá)到和諧統(tǒng)一的天人合一狀態(tài)。沒有良好的精神家園，必然會(huì)造成大自然的生態(tài)平衡。 nature and civilization。 and furthermore, is the place nearer to God. American environmentalist Nash Roderick argues that wilderness is not only the title for desert and droughty places, but also the symbol of moral evil。 and I broke my heart with weeping to e back to earth。 and inversely, joy could be attained only by a state of union between the individual and the universe” (Gerin 152). The married Catherine laments her marriage and is desirous to return to nature, saying that: at twelve years old, I had been wrenched from the Heights, and 13 every early association, and my all in all, as Heathcliff was at that time, been converted at a stroke into Mrs. Linton, the lady of Thrushcross Grange, and the wife of a stranger: an exile, and outcast, thenceforth, from what had been my world…I wish I were a girl again, half savage and hardy, and free…and laughing at injuries, not maddening under them!(Emily Bronte 115). Catherine rejects her status as Mrs. Linton, which is symbolically indicated in her disowning her own reflection in the mirror of the room. When Nell tells Catherine it is herself, she is frightened to acknowledge the fact that she has lost her original nature. To cast off her new self as Mrs. Linton and retrieve her original self, her only way out is to cast off her the confinement of her body and transcend to the herworld, since death in Emily Bronte’s eyes is “an obliterating force, effacing identities, sorrows, etc. and as a unifying juncture with the universe”(Gerin 254). 4. Rehabilitation through Returning to Nature Heathcliff’s and Catherine’s Eventual Return to Nature Catherine realizes that she cannot forfeit her own nature as soon as Heathcliff leaves her. The return of Heatchcliff reignites her hope of owning both Heathcliff and Edgar. However, the reality does not allow her such luxury. So the only way to retrieve her original nature is to die and return to the chest of nature. In the fatal delirium, Catherine begs Nelly to open the windows so that she can breathe the smell of nature because her reminisce of her past and of the wild nature in the moors cannot satisfy her. After being turned down, 14 Catherine rushes to the window and tries to throw herself out of the confinement of the house. Gilbert suggests that finally Catherine’s burial an a