【正文】 過，經(jīng)過；消磨，度過［B］ sustained維持（生命、生存）［C］ survived生存；幸存，挺過，艱難度過 ［D］ spent花（時(shí)間），度過 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+動(dòng)詞辨析［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人…那個(gè)冬天”。［空格設(shè)置］本題借survive考查了考生對(duì)上下文的理解。Few planets can sustain 。［空格設(shè)置］conditions本身詞義比較簡(jiǎn)單，但要求考生根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境排除干擾，作出正確判斷。They have created an environment in which productivity should 。regained意為“恢復(fù)”時(shí)常做及物動(dòng)詞，不符合文中用法，但是可以說(shuō)…regained health。［空格設(shè)置］improve的含義比較簡(jiǎn)單，但用法很豐富，可以泛指各方面的“改善、提高”，如：His quality of life has improved dramatically since the 。例句：Her position in the party has strengthened in recent ，她在黨內(nèi)的地位有所增強(qiáng)。不存在look back in與look back of的用法，首先排除[A]和[B]。［空格設(shè)置］介詞over的含義和用法都很豐富，在知識(shí)運(yùn)用的文章中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生要結(jié)合具體語(yǔ)境掌握該詞用法。behind意為used to say that sth is in sb?s past，它代入文中，意為“他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收”，即“已經(jīng)獲得了豐收”。［空格設(shè)置］本題通過behind考查了考生對(duì)文章內(nèi)部時(shí)間邏輯的把握，及它本身不為考生所熟悉的含義。to their best短語(yǔ)不存在，首先排除。例句如：Best of all, we don?t have any 。10.［A］ ashore在岸上［B］ around周圍 ［C］ about到處［D］ aboard在（船、車飛機(jī)）上 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+副詞辨析［快速解題］空格所在部分意為“當(dāng)‘五月花號(hào)’返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，沒有一名殖民者…”，顯然，表示“在船上”的aboard符合文章語(yǔ)義的銜接，為正確選項(xiàng)。［空格設(shè)置］aboard的含義和用法都比較簡(jiǎn)單，但需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行推斷。船上的一百名乘客都是朝圣者，他們正在尋找一個(gè)地方，在那里他們能以自己特有的方式敬仰上帝。朝圣者中只有最為強(qiáng)壯的人活過了那個(gè)冬天。由于天氣變暖和飲食的改善，殖民者們的健康狀況得以好轉(zhuǎn)。在他們身后是（秋天的）一個(gè)大豐收，他們充滿自信地為第二個(gè)冬天的到來(lái)做好了準(zhǔn)備。那年夏天，當(dāng)“五月花號(hào)”返回英格蘭的時(shí)候，船上沒有一名殖民者。賓語(yǔ)從句為主從復(fù)合句，句末為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句，主干為it makes no difference，其中it為形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)是后面的what you read or study。第一部分為第一段，提出現(xiàn)象：指出記憶對(duì)于閱讀或?qū)W習(xí)的重要性，并且記憶需要聰明的方法。四、試題具體分析 you cannot remember what yo，________。[C]選項(xiàng)無(wú)干干擾，從文中無(wú)從推知。[A]選項(xiàng)正確。[A] 僅僅兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的過程[B] 主要是理解內(nèi)容和批判性地評(píng)估內(nèi)容[C] 僅僅區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn) [D] 主要進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)確推理【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。[B]選項(xiàng)是對(duì)這兩個(gè)過程的同義改寫，為正確項(xiàng)。 good reader is one 。[C]和[D]選項(xiàng)張冠李戴，“區(qū)分事實(shí)與觀點(diǎn)”和“進(jìn)行正確推理”是最后兩段提到的“對(duì)所閱讀的內(nèi)容進(jìn)行思考的附加過程”的部分內(nèi)容，而非閱讀行為的直接過程。第六段首句指出閱讀并非一項(xiàng)獨(dú)立的行為，它包括至少兩個(gè)同時(shí)發(fā)生的重要過程。[D]選項(xiàng)無(wú)中生有。[A] 確定你閱讀的原因 [B] 將信息與目的聯(lián)系起來(lái) [C] 記住你所讀的內(nèi)容 [D] 選擇有趣的讀物【分析】本題所考查的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：具體細(xì)節(jié)題。第一段指出如果你不能記住你所讀或所學(xué)的內(nèi)容的話，就是在浪費(fèi)寶貴的時(shí)間，即你沒有從中學(xué)到任何東西，[B]選項(xiàng)正確。以購(gòu)物過程和閱讀過程做類比說(shuō)明，有目的或有原因的閱讀可以幫助讀者獲得明確信息并進(jìn)行良好記憶。三、文章結(jié)構(gòu)分析這篇文章主要探討閱讀和學(xué)習(xí)中記憶的方法。Section II Reading ComprehensionEach of the two passages below is followed by five each question there are four the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the your choice in the brackets on the left.(10 points)Text 1 ①It doesn?t e as a surprise to you to realize that it makes no difference what you read or study if you can?t remember it.②You just waste your valuable time.③Maybe you have already discovered some clever ways to keep yourself from forgetting.①One dependable aid that does help you remember what you study is to have a specific purpose or reason for reading.②You remember better what you read when you know why you?re reading.①Why does a clerk in a store go away and leave you when your reply to her offer to help is, “No, thank ?m just looking”? ②Both you and she know that if you aren?t sure what you want, you are not likely to find it.③But suppose you say instead, “Yes, thank want a pair of sun glasses.” ④She says, “Right this way, please.” ⑤And you and she are offboth eager to look for exactly what you want.①It?s quite the same with your studying.②If you chose a book at random, “just looking” for nothing in particular, you are likely to get just thatnothing.③But if you do know what you want, and if you have the right book, you are almost sure to get it.④Your reasons will vary。最重要的是，在馬薩索特酋長(zhǎng)的監(jiān)管下，他們?cè)谙奶炫c其印第安鄰居訂立了友好協(xié)定。最初的一百名乘客只有五十人存活了下來(lái)，人類生命的代價(jià)和和悲劇是如此巨大。生活條件在1621年的春天開始改善：有了野菜、漿果和水果以及充足的魚和野禽。1620年12月份，這一群勇敢的殖民者最終不得不在位于馬薩諸塞州巖石嶙嶙海岸的普利茅斯登陸。三、全文翻譯1620年，一艘被命名為“五月花號(hào)”的小帆船離開倫敦駛往新大陸。［篇章分析］2○7○28句承接上文，總結(jié)指出殖民者生活狀況好轉(zhuǎn)，他們?cè)谥趁竦囟ň酉聛?lái)。例句：I did it for the 。［篇章分析］2○6句雖然是一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句，但是句子結(jié)構(gòu)比較復(fù)雜，主干為they had established a treaty of friendship，句首的best of all與with..，under…，in…三個(gè)介賓短語(yǔ)做狀語(yǔ)。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)都是利用常用介詞設(shè)置的脫離上下文的無(wú)關(guān)干擾，聯(lián)系上下文語(yǔ)義不難排除。［篇章分析］2○1句是第二段第二個(gè)層次的總起句，指出了對(duì)未來(lái)的希望。8.［A］ on［B］ behind［C］ for［D］ beyond 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：上下文語(yǔ)義+介詞辨析［快速解題］空格所在部分A splendid harvest was 8 them，意為“一個(gè)大豐收…他們”。［篇章分析］第二段分為兩個(gè)層次：1○7至○20句是對(duì)過去的回顧，2○1至○26句是對(duì)未來(lái)的展望與準(zhǔn)備。He?s still recovering from his ，他仍在恢復(fù)之中。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用考生熟悉的漢語(yǔ)表達(dá)法設(shè)置干擾。符合上下文語(yǔ)義的只有improve，在文中意為“健康得到改善”。6.［A］strengthened加強(qiáng)，鞏固［B］regained 重新獲得，恢復(fù) ［C］recovered恢復(fù)健康，康復(fù)［D］improved 改進(jìn)，改善 本題考核的知識(shí)點(diǎn)是：動(dòng)詞辨析［快速解題］空格所在部分的主語(yǔ)是the colonists? health，此題的關(guān)鍵是判斷哪個(gè)動(dòng)詞能與health搭配，并且能與上下文銜接。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)利用表示“環(huán)境、狀況”的名詞對(duì)conditions形成近義干擾。situation強(qiáng)調(diào)特定時(shí)期和特定地點(diǎn)形勢(shì)、局面，environments特指影響個(gè)體或事物行為或發(fā)展的環(huán)境，conditions指居住、工作或做事情的環(huán)境或條件，circumstances尤其指經(jīng)濟(jì)狀況。［干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)置］其他項(xiàng)是利用表示“度過”的動(dòng)詞對(duì)survive構(gòu)成近義干擾，考生要在理解詞義的基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)單詞的用法區(qū)別掌握。sustain雖然含有“生存”的意思，但其后常接life或人作賓語(yǔ)，不符合文中用法。［空格設(shè)置］terrible的詞義和用法比較簡(jiǎn)單，本題需要考生理解上下文的具體內(nèi)容做出選擇。例句：Which is the best route to take? 哪一條是最佳路線？This passage will take us to the other ，我們就可以到達(dá)另一座大樓。由于文中具體指出了是海上航行，因此排除常指“地面路線”的route，最佳答案為[A]course。例句：The accident happened through no fault of her 。［篇章分析］①至④句是第一段的第一個(gè)層次，揭示了五月花號(hào)前往新大陸的原因。第三段說(shuō)明了感恩節(jié)產(chǎn)生的直接原因：朝圣者想慶祝他們定居新家的第一年。第二篇：1988年考研英語(yǔ)真題及解析1988年全國(guó)碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語(yǔ)試題Section I Close TestFor each numbered blank in the following passage there are four choices labeled ［A］, ［B］, ［C］, and ［D］.Choose the best one and put your choice in the ANSWER the whole passage before making your choice.(10 points)①In 1620, a small sailboat named the Mayflower left England for the New World.②The Mayflower headed for the Jamestown colony on the warm shore of Virginia.③Its one hundred passengers were the Pilgrims.④They were looking for a place where they could worship God1.⑤Because of strong winds and severe storms, the Mayflower lost its.⑥The brave group of colonists finally had to land at Plymouth on the rocky coast of Massachusetts in December 1620.⑦It was the middle of the stern northern winter.⑧months of starvation, disease, and death were ahead of them.⑨Only the strongest of the pilgrimsthat winter.⑩Many women gave their own pitiful rations to their children and died for lack of food for themselves.○11Livingbegan to improve in the spring of ○2There were wild vegetables.○13There were berries and fruit.○14Fish and game were ○5Therefore, they were able to get enough fresh meat despite their lack of skill or experience in hunting and ○6The colonists? healthwith the warm weather and their better ○7In the fall, they look bac