【正文】
率密度很低 ,使偵察接收機(jī)難以監(jiān)測(cè)到。多路徑干擾在雷達(dá)和通信中都有嚴(yán)重影響。同時(shí) ,對(duì)不同用戶(hù)使用不同的碼 ,旁人無(wú)法竊聽(tīng)他們的通信 ,因而擴(kuò)頻系統(tǒng)具有高的保密性。 E 為信號(hào)能量 。 19 圖 3 蒙特卡羅仿真的擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)不同振幅正弦干擾下的誤碼率仿 真曲線 5 結(jié)束語(yǔ) 作者在本文中,建立并優(yōu)化了 Monte Carlo 仿真模型 ,可對(duì)各種直接序列擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)的誤碼率進(jìn)行仿真分析 ,仿真結(jié)果表明 ,直擴(kuò)系統(tǒng)的判決器能以較小的差錯(cuò)概率恢復(fù)出原始信號(hào) ,判決器具有優(yōu)良的性能 . 在相同信噪比下 ,處理增益越大 ,誤碼率越小 ,特別是在大信噪比時(shí) ,這種差別尤為明顯 。編制時(shí),我公司技術(shù)發(fā)展部、質(zhì)檢科以及項(xiàng)目部經(jīng)過(guò)精心研究、合理組織、充分利用先進(jìn)工藝,特制定本施工組織設(shè)計(jì)。 本工程建筑面積 :27樓 。總寬 27樓 ; 30樓 m。內(nèi)墻面。 本工程設(shè)計(jì)屋面為坡屋面防水采用防水涂料。室內(nèi)地坪177。 本工程由寧夏燕寶房地產(chǎn)開(kāi)發(fā)有限公司開(kāi)發(fā),銀川市規(guī)劃建筑設(shè)計(jì)院設(shè)計(jì)。 1 原文已完。 1) 信息數(shù)據(jù) , 每個(gè)信息重復(fù)CL 次 , CL 對(duì)應(yīng)于每個(gè)信息所包含的偽碼碼片數(shù) ,一個(gè)隨機(jī)數(shù)發(fā)生器產(chǎn)生的 PN 序列 )(nc相乘 ,然后在 該序列上疊加方差為 2/02 N?? 的高斯白噪聲和形式為 nAni 0sin)( ?? 的正弦干擾信號(hào) ,其中 ?? ?? 00 且 CLA? .在解調(diào)器中,進(jìn)行與 PN 序列互相關(guān)運(yùn)算 , 并且將組成各信息的 CL 個(gè)樣本求和 .將加法器的輸出送到判決器 ,對(duì)信號(hào)和門(mén)限值 0 比較 , 以確定傳送的數(shù)據(jù)為 +1還是 1,圖 2中的計(jì)數(shù)器用來(lái)記錄判決器的 錯(cuò)判數(shù)目。C 為信息容量 .式 (7) 含義是在給定信號(hào)功率 S 和噪聲功率 N的條件下 ,用一種編碼系統(tǒng) ,以很小的誤碼率 ,接近 C 的傳輸速率傳送信息 .根據(jù)柯捷爾尼可夫理論可知 : )/( 0e NEFP ? ( 8) 式中 : eP 為誤碼率 。 保密性好 在一定的發(fā)射功率下 ,由于擴(kuò)頻信號(hào)分布在很寬的頻帶內(nèi) ,無(wú) 線信道中有用信號(hào)功率譜密度極低 ,這樣信號(hào)可以在強(qiáng)噪聲背景下 ,甚至是有用信號(hào)被噪聲淹沒(méi)的情況下進(jìn)行可靠通信 ,使外界很難截獲傳送的信息 ,想進(jìn)一步檢測(cè)出信號(hào)的特征參數(shù)就更難了。 抗多路徑干擾性能好 多路徑干擾是由于在電波傳播過(guò)程中 ,遇到各種非期望反射體 (如電離層、高山、建筑物等 ) 引起反射或散射。因?yàn)楦蓴_者難以通過(guò)觀察改善其干擾性能 ,而只能采用發(fā)射同被干擾信號(hào)不匹配的干擾技術(shù) ,因此 ,干擾起不了太大作用 。在擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)中除去了這些單元外,應(yīng)該用了相同的偽隨機(jī)序列發(fā)生器,分別作用在發(fā)送前端的調(diào)制器與接收前端的解調(diào)器。因此,處理增益 G反映了擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)信噪比改善的程度。 總之,我們用信息帶寬的 100 倍,甚至 1000 倍以上的寬帶信號(hào)來(lái)傳輸信息,就是為了提高通信的抗干擾能力,即在強(qiáng)干擾條件下保證可靠安全地通信。即可通過(guò)增加頻帶寬度的方法,在較低的信噪比 NP/ ( NS/ )情況下,傳輸信息。因現(xiàn)今使用的電話(huà)、廣播系統(tǒng)中,無(wú)論是采用調(diào)幅、調(diào)頻或脈沖編碼調(diào)制制式, Gp 值一般都在十多倍范圍內(nèi),統(tǒng)稱(chēng)為“窄帶通信”。 14 擴(kuò)頻通信的理論基礎(chǔ) 長(zhǎng)期以來(lái),人們總是想法使信號(hào)所占領(lǐng)譜盡量的窄,以充分利用十分寶貴的頻譜資源。換句話(huà)說(shuō),這種相關(guān)解調(diào)起到解擴(kuò)的作用。擴(kuò)頻碼序列僅僅起擴(kuò)展信號(hào)頻譜的作用。因此,如果用限窄的脈沖序列被所傳信息調(diào)制,則可產(chǎn)生很寬頻帶的信號(hào)。 我們知道,在時(shí)間上有限的信號(hào),其頻譜是無(wú)限的。這些都屬于窄帶通信。例如人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)音的信息帶寬為 300Hz 3400Hz,電視圖像信息帶寬為數(shù) MHz。因此研究擴(kuò)頻通信具有很深遠(yuǎn)的意義,本人通過(guò)畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì),進(jìn)行深入地研究擴(kuò)頻通信技術(shù) 13 及對(duì)它進(jìn)行仿 真應(yīng)用,將所學(xué)的知識(shí)進(jìn)行歸納與總結(jié),從而鞏固通信專(zhuān)業(yè)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),為以后的個(gè)人學(xué)習(xí)和工作打下基礎(chǔ)。正是因?yàn)閿U(kuò)頻系統(tǒng)本身具有的特征使其性能具有一系列的優(yōu)勢(shì)。擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)具備 3個(gè)主要特征: 載波是一種不可預(yù)測(cè)的,或稱(chēng)之為偽隨機(jī)的寬帶信號(hào) 載 波的帶寬比調(diào)制數(shù)據(jù)的帶寬要寬得多 接收過(guò)程是通過(guò)將本地產(chǎn)生的寬帶載波信號(hào)的復(fù)制信號(hào)與接收到的寬帶信號(hào)相關(guān)來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。 no change in processing gain, the sinusoidal interference signal amplitude increases, the incidence of false rate is increased. 12 擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)及 MATLAB 仿真 摘 要 : 本文先闡述了擴(kuò)頻通信的基本原理、主要性能指標(biāo)及其工作特點(diǎn) , 然后本文根據(jù)香農(nóng)定理和柯捷爾尼可夫潛在抗干擾理論 ,借助 MatLab 工具箱 和 Monte Carlo 仿真算法 ,建立了直接序列擴(kuò)頻通信系統(tǒng)仿真模型 . 通過(guò)分析無(wú)干擾時(shí)的誤碼率仿真曲線與理論計(jì)算值 ,證 明了所建仿真模型的正確性。 E For the signal energy。 As the spread spectrum munication system in the transmission signal bandwidth expansion, so even if the signal to noise ratio is very low, even lower than the useful signal power of interference signal power is still the case to highquality uninterrupted munication, the expansion of the spectrum The more width, the stronger the antiinterference. LPI of Spread spectrum signal is equivalent to the power being distributed evenly over a wide frequency band, so that transmission signals are very low power density, so that it is difficult to monitor to detect the , the spread spectrum munication system has a low probability of interception. Antiinterference performance of multipath Multipath interference is due to radio propagation encountered in the course of a variety of nonexpected reflector (such as the ionosphere, the mountains, buildings, etc.) caused by reflection or or scattering of these signals with the direct path signal interference in the receiver interfere with each interference in radar and munication are severely the spread spectrum munication system in an increase of spreadspectrum modulation and despread process,This spreadspectrum sequences using the correlation between the characteristics of,Despreading at the receiving end when the relevant technology from multipath signals to isolate the most useful signals, or multipath signals of the same code sequence signal superposition, so that you can effectively eliminate the wireless munications in multipath interference caused by signals decline and, therefore, 8 spread spectrum munication system has good properties of antimultipath fading. Good Privacy Transmitting power in certain circumstances, due to the distribution of spreadspectrum signals over a wide frequency band, Useful signal channel power spectral density is extremely low, so the signal can be in strong background noise, or even a useful signal to be the case of noise drowned reliable munications,Intercepted by the outside world it is very difficult to send the information, would like to detect the characteristic parameters of the signal even , the spread spectrum munication system can be concealed。Television broadcasting RF signal bandwidth is only the video signal bandwidth more than are among the narrowband FM signal, or pulse code modulation signals, their bandwidth and the information ratio of bandwidth to only a few spectrum munication signals and information bandwidth than the bandwidth of up to 100 1000, belonging to broadband use such a wideband signal to transmit information? Do not waste valuable resources in the frequency of it? 2)The use of spreadspectrum code sequence modulation signal approach to broadening the spectrum. We know that in time limited signal, its spectrum is example, very narrow pulses, the spectrum is very bandwidth is inversely proportional to its approximate microsecond pulse bandwidth is about , if the use of limited and narrow pulse sequence has been modulated by the mass of information it may give rise to very broadband described in the following direct sequence spread spectrum system is the method used to obtain spread spectrum signals. This very narrow pulse sequences, the code rate is very high, as the spreading code be noted here that the spreading codes used by the mass and sequence data is not relevant, that is to say it and in general the same sinusoidal carrier signal, will not affect the transparency of information spreadspectrum code signals only from the expansion of the role of the