中正大學(xué)演講(文件)
【正文】 s waste of resources and run the risk of leaving individuals with poor balances in their DC accounts while enriching asset managers.(P222) Nicholas Barr ? Reform pension: Myths, Truths, and Policy Choices, 2023 IMF Working Paper WP/001/139, 2023 ? ……individual funded accounts leave the individual facing most of the risk, in particular of differential pension fund performance. The individual may also face the inflation risk, though this can be shared partly or wholly with the taxpayer if the state provides indexation. Occupational schemes (frequently found in the United Kingdom) are often definedbenefit, thus sharing risks more broadly.(~42) 胡勝正、 許振明、 單驥、陳聽(tīng)安、 符寶玲、余雪明、楊通軒 胡勝正 ? 國(guó)民年金制度對(duì)國(guó)民儲(chǔ)蓄的影響，載：國(guó)民年金制度委託研究報(bào)告彙編，行政院經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)委員會(huì)編印， 1998年 6月 ? 國(guó)民年金制度可說(shuō)是以社會(huì)儲(chǔ)蓄代替?zhèn)€人儲(chǔ)蓄。 ? 至於 舊制勞退 採(cǎi)「確定給付制」 (DB)，基金虧損並不會(huì)影響到勞工的退休給付金額，但舊制勞退金去年也碰到成立廿二年來(lái)的首度虧損， 賠了 428億 ，收益率為 10％。20230520 中正大學(xué)演講 政治大學(xué)法律系系主任 郭明政 ?國(guó)際 ?臺(tái)灣 虧損多少？國(guó)際 ? The Financial Crisis and Mandatory Pension Systems in Developing Countries, World Bank – Human Development Network ? Losses in asset values over the last 12 months reported by pension funds have been considerable. In client countries with funded systems these losses have ranged between 8% and 50% . () 虧損多少？國(guó)際 ? OECD Working Papers on Insurance and Private Pensions ─Private Pensions and Policy Responses to the Financial and Economic Crisis ? The current financial crisis has had a major impact on global pension assets, with the OECD estimating declines of $(over 20%) at the end of 2023. 虧損多少？國(guó)際 ? Analysis: Social security in a time of financial crisis(ISSA, ) ? When taking into account the increasing role of fully prefunded schemes in oldage protection─the immediate negative impact of the current global financial crisis on social security is obvious: according to the OECD, developed country stock markets have lost 43 percent of their value in a year. ? In the United States alone, assets in retirement plans dropped in value by about USD 4 trillion, half of which were in defined benefit plans. 虧損多少？國(guó)際 ? Pension fund losses highlight need for private pension reform, says OECD(11/12/2023) ? …… By October 2023, the total assets of private pension plans in OECD countries had declined by about USD 5 trillion, or nearly 20% of their value pared to December 2023 when their assets stood at USD 28 trillion. Two thirds of the losses (USD trillion) are estimated to be in the United States alone, with the United Kingdom, Australia, Canada, the Netherlands, and Japan accounting on aggregate for a further USD trillion drop in asset values. 虧損多少？國(guó)際 ? Pension stock loss may be lesson Plunge in value es amid investment debate(April 16,2023) ?But the railroad retirement fund has done poorly in recent months. …… it’s reports indicate the fund dropped in value by more than onethird, and perhaps as much as 40 percent, from September 2023 to February 2023, after taking benefit paymen
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