【正文】 grant structures built in the I2th century. The lecturer, however, points to the inaccuracies in each of these theories. The lecturer argues that the modest number of fireplaces in these structures is in contradiction with the huge size of these houses, indicating that these structures could not have been used for Residential purposes. The Reading, however, draws parisons between the Chaco houses and other similar large Residential structures in support of the Residential theory. The second theory, that the houses were used for food storage, is also rejected by the lecturer. He explains that a place that had been used for storing maize would have many traces of scattered Maize, which is not the case in the area of the Chaco Canyon houses. This proves that the food storage theory is unlikely. Finally, regarding the third theory, the ceremony theory39。s accounts. The professor argues that because the Chevalier was rich in assets but poor in cash while he was living in Switzerland, he occasionally had to borrow funds to pay for expensive recreational activities. According to the professor, having low amounts of cash is not the same as being financially poor. The reading, however, holds that as someone who had to borrow large amounts of money from others, the Chevalier must have fabricated stories of his wealthy life in Switzerland. Moreover, the professor challenges the skepticism expressed in the reading regarding the reliability of the conversations with votaries that the Chevalier recorded in his memoir. She explains that because the Chevalier had a habit of recording each conversation with Voltaire immediately after they met, he was able to recall those discussions in detail even years later. Finally the professor rejects the claim in the reading that the Chevalier bribed his way out of a prison in Venice. She says that the pact that none of the other prisoners, even those with better resources, had been able to do so shows that bribery was unlikely. Furthermore, she points to a government paper that recorded the repair work done to the Chevalier39。s declining interest in reading literature. The lecturer argues that literature is only one among many forms of reading genres from which the public can benefit intellectually. The public also benefits from reading works of science fiction and historical novels, among other reading genres. Therefore, the reading is wrong to claim that the public is suffering great losses by not reading literature. Furthermore, the lecturer explains that even if it is true that the public is reading fewer books and watching more television and films instead, it does not necessarily mean that culture is in decline. Television and film are simply modern forms of cultural expression that are also intellectually stimulating and directly relevant to contemporary life. Finally, the lecturer admits a decline in audience and support of literature in today39。s birth, indicating that the portrait was of someone else who was much older than the teenage Jane Austen. TPO 13 The lecturer rejects the ideas presented in the reading passage about the problems involved in the booming business of mercial fossil trading. In her opinion, the benefits of this new development outweigh its negative consequences. The lecturer does not agree with the first point made in the reading—that private collectors keep their fossil collections away from the public. She contends that the mercial trading of fossils actually makes them available to a wider public, because everyone with a budget, such as private schools and libraries, can purchase them for study and exhibition. The lecturer goes on to refute the claim in the reading that fossil trading business prevents scientists and public museum from benefiting from fossil finds, as these parties cannot pete with wealthy private buyers to acquire important fossils for research purpose. On the contrary, she argues, scientists themselves are the first to evaluate any important fossil before it can be sold in the mercial market at a price, so the academic munity does not miss any opportunity to study privately traded fossils. Additionally, the lecturer challenges the final downside of fossil trading mentioned in the reading. The lecturer reminds us that the damages, if any, caused by private collectors in their field operations are more than offset by the effort these individuals have made to increase the number of fossils available to the public that would otherwise remain undiscovered. TPO 14 The lecturer and the reading pass