【正文】 aches reported by participants in our twentyyear study(2). Recently, foodprocessing panies have found that salicylates can also be used as flavor additives for foods(3). With this new use for salicylates, we can expect a continued steady decline in the number of headaches suffered by the average citizen of Mentia.(4,5) ★★★★1. Salicylates may not have the same effect as aspirin in treating headaches although they are of the same chemical family. () ★★★★2. Other factors may also lead to the decline in the number of headaches in the study mentioned above. (NCR) ★★★★★3. The author does not inform us what fraction of foods consumed by citizens of Mentia contains salicylates, and how many of the citizens prefer such kind of foods. () ★★★4. The author fails to consider factors other than food, such as environment, lifestyle, etc. that may result in the increase in the number of headaches suffered by citizens of Mentia would increase () ★★★5. Granted that salicylates are effective in treating headaches, we cannot hastily infer that they would also be effective in preventing headaches. () ★★★29（）3031 214, （教育，城市，社會(huì)/論斷/對(duì)比）In each city in the region of Treehaven, the majority of the money spent on governmentrun public school education es from taxes that each city government collects. The region39。s residents consistently rank water sports (swimming, fishing, and boating) as a favorite form of recreation. Since there have been plaints about the quality of the water in the river, residents must be avoiding the river because they think that it is not clean enough(1). But that situation is about to change: the agency responsible for rivers in our region has announced plans to clean up Mason River(2). Therefore, recreational use of the river is likely to increase(3), so the Mason City council will need to increase its budget for improvements(5) to the publicly owned lands along the Mason River(4). ★★1. The author simply assumes that it is the quality of the water in Mason River that prevents residents from using it for recreational activities. (NCR) ★★★★2. No evidence could illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed plan, and how much time would it take for the plan to be effective, thus we cannot ensure that recreational use of the river will automatically increase. () ★★★★★3. The author fails to consider if Mason River is suitable for those water sports favored by residents in Mason, and if residents are willing to use the river for recreational activities. (feasibility of the conclusion) ★★★★4. Granted that recreational use of the river is to increase, we are not convinced that the use of the publicly owned lands along the river will also increase. () ★★★5. The author does not provide evidence to illustrate the necessity of increasing budget for improvement s to the public lands. (necessity of the solution) ★★★1718 （傳媒/決策/并列）The following is a memorandum from the business manager of WLSS television station.Over the past year, our latenight news program has devoted increasingly more time to covering national news and less time to covering weather and local news. During the same time period, most of the plaints(1,4) we received from viewers were concerned with the station39。s conclusion about Tertian village culture is false, and thus that the observationcentered approach to studying cultures is invalid(3). Because they are using the interviewcentered method, my team of graduate students working in Tertia will establish a much more accurate understanding of childrearing traditions there and in other island cultures.(4) ★★★★1. Talking more about their biological parents does not indicate that those children were reared by their parents. () ★★★★★2. We do not know how many of the children interviewed by Dr. Karp were actually from island of Tertia. ( ) ★★★3. The facts cited by Dr. Karp do not necessarily prove that the observationcentered method used by Dr. Field is invalid. () ★★★★4. No evidence could guarantee that Dr. Karp’s team will establish a more accurate understanding of island cultures just because they are using the interviewcentered method. () ★★★★★5. There may have been dramatic changes in nurturing patterns of Teria children during the past 20 years. (P→F) ★★★1112（教育/提議/遞進(jìn)）The following appeared in a memorandum from a dean at Omega University.Fifteen years ago, Omega University implemented a new procedure that encouraged students to evaluate the teaching effectiveness of all their professors(1). Since that time, Omega professors have begun to assign higher grades in their classes, and overall student grade averages at Omega have risen by thirty percent.(2) Potential employers apparently believe the grades at Omega are inflated。 at Monarch will attract substantially more customers.() ★★★4. The manager fails to consider the negative effects of cutting out children’s book section and opening the caf233。 would require relatively little space. Space could be made for the caf233。s arctic region. They search for food by moving over ice from island to island during the course of a year. Their habitat is limited to areas warm enough to sustain the plants on which they feed, and cold enough, at least some of the year, for the ice to cover the sea separating the islands, allowing the deer to travel over it. Unfortunately, according to reports from local hunters(1), the deer populations are declining. Since these reports coincide with recent global warming trends(2) that have caused the sea ice to melt, we can conclude that the decline in arctic deer populations is the result of deer being unable to follow their ageold migration patterns(4) across the frozen sea(3). ★★★★★1. The accuracy of the reports from local hunters can be cast doubt on. (selective sample) ★★★★2. The global warming trends may have no effects on the specific region mentioned by the editorial. () ★★★★3. Alternative explanations can also account for the decline in