【正文】
sion springs,which cause the floating cavity plate to move away with the moving half as previously sprue is pulled from the sprue bush by the sprue the floating cavity plate has moved a predetermined distance,it is arrested by the stop moving half continues to move back and the moldings,having shrunk on to the cores,are withdrawn from the pin gate breaks at its junction with the runner(Figure31(b)).The sprue puller,being attached to the moving half,is pulled through the floating cavity plate and thereby release the feed system which is then free to fall between the floating cavity plate and the feed moving half continues to move back until the ejector system is operated and the moldings are ejected(Figure31(c)).When the mould is closed,the respective plates are returned to their molding position and the cycle is repeated.Feed SystemIt is necessary to provide a flowway in the injection mould to connect the nozzle(of the injection machine)to each flowway is termed the feed the feed system prises a sprue,runner and terms apply equally to the flowway itself,and to the molded material which is remove from the flowway itself in the process of extracted the molding.A typical feed system for a fourimpression,two platetype mould is shown in is seen that the material passes through the sprue,main runner,branch runner and gate before entering the the temperature of molten plastic is lowered which going through the sprue and runner,the viscosity will rise。(這主要是因?yàn)椋峁绦运芰先垠w在很短的時(shí)間內(nèi)就固化和硬化,在從料斗想模具型腔注入熱固性塑料熔體的過程中,也會出現(xiàn)這種情況,這個(gè)問題一直非常難解決,注塑成型原理和鑄造十分相似。在大型注塑機(jī)上常帶采用螺桿式的注入方式,如圖21所示。在計(jì)量區(qū),螺缸表面的加熱裝置對熔體進(jìn)一步加熱。通??拷?jīng)驗(yàn)來決定塑件所需要的鎖模力總噸數(shù),一般在塑件投影面積上每平方英寸需要作用兩噸鎖模力。熱固性塑料熔體在模具內(nèi)固化或發(fā)生聚合反應(yīng),并在溫度357℃~410℃范圍內(nèi)推出。模具由三個(gè)基本部分組成,分別是動模部分、浮動型腔板和定模板。導(dǎo)柱必須有足夠的長度,(以便磨具工作時(shí))支撐浮動型腔板完成開合動作,并在模具合模時(shí)完成對型腔和型芯的找正作用。限位釘必須有足夠的長度為定模板和浮動型腔板之間提供足夠的空間,從而使?jié)沧⑾到y(tǒng)的凝料順利脫落。為實(shí)現(xiàn)這樣的順序,定模板和浮動型腔板之間裝有彈簧。注意,如果采用圓形分流道,分流道的一半開設(shè)在浮動型腔板上,開模時(shí),分流道可能留在浮動型腔板,將阻礙凝料的脫落或去除。主流道凝料被拉料桿從澆口套中拉出。安裝在動模部分的拉料桿脫離浮動型腔板,澆注系統(tǒng)凝料由此脫下,然后在浮動型腔板和定模板之間自由落下。通常,澆注系統(tǒng)由主流道、分流道和澆口組成。熔融塑料通過主流道和分流道時(shí)溫度降低而使熔體黏度升高,然而,熔體通過澆口填充型腔時(shí),由于剪切作用產(chǎn)生的熱量又使黏度降低。主流道是澆口套的一部分,澆口套是獨(dú)立于模具的單獨(dú)零件。、冷料井冷料井正對著主流道。但是,分流道和澆口對塑件質(zhì)量和成本有重要影響。注塑機(jī)為推出系統(tǒng)提高了自動推出力,其推出動力裝置安裝在注塑機(jī)移動板的后面。、推出支架推出支架(見圖51)是模具的一部分,用來支撐模板,為推板的裝配和運(yùn)動提供空間。裝配機(jī)構(gòu)(見圖52)由推板、推板固定板和注塑機(jī)頂出桿組成。、推出方式塑件冷卻后,其收縮狀態(tài)決定于塑料熔體的成型過程?;镜耐瞥龇绞接幸韵聨追N:(ⅰ)推桿脫模;(ⅱ)推管脫模;(ⅲ)推件板脫模;(ⅳ)氣動脫模。然而,若塑件具有內(nèi)部形狀,冷卻收縮時(shí)塑件將包緊在型芯上,因此,有必要采用一些適當(dāng)?shù)姆椒ㄍ瞥鏊芗?。在這種結(jié)構(gòu)中,頂出桿的作用不僅是推出零件,而且為推板裝配機(jī)構(gòu)起導(dǎo)向作用。推板裝配機(jī)構(gòu)也是模具的一部分,用來安裝推出零件。我們在前面論述了 (開模時(shí))需要從型芯上推下塑件,因此,塑件必須跟隨型芯(一同移動),推出系統(tǒng)裝在動模部分最為合適。此外,所有熱塑性熔體凝固時(shí)都會收縮,這意味這著塑件將包緊在型芯上。也許冷料井更重要的作用是(開模時(shí))幫助澆道凝料推出澆口套。、澆口澆口是熔融塑料進(jìn)入型腔的入口。因此,設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)必須充分考慮型腔布局和澆口形式。圖41所示為典型的兩版式四腔澆注系統(tǒng)。和模時(shí),模具的各模板回到成型位置,重復(fù)下一個(gè)注塑循環(huán)。動模部分繼續(xù)后移,塑件由于收縮作用包緊在型芯上從型腔中脫出(跟隨動模一同移動)。熔體經(jīng)過澆注系統(tǒng)充滿型腔后(見圖31(a)),經(jīng)過適當(dāng)?shù)谋哼^程,注塑機(jī)帶動模具開模。彈簧套在導(dǎo)柱上,一同裝在浮動型腔板上相應(yīng)的彈簧座處(見圖52),這種形式在彈簧裝配中十分常見。模具的開模順序是:浮動型腔板和定模板先分開。浮動型腔板的最大運(yùn)動距離由限位