【正文】 國有企業(yè) stateowned enterprises（SOEs） 國有制 stateownership 國有資產流失 erosion of state assets 國債回購 government securities repurchase 國債一級自營商 primary underwriters of government securities 過度競爭 excessive petition 過度膨脹 excessive expansion 過熱跡象 signs of overheating H 合理預期 rational expectation 核心資本 core capital 合資企業(yè) jointventure enterprises 紅利 dividend 宏觀經濟運營良好 sound macroeconomic performance 宏觀經濟基本狀況 macroeconomic fundamentals 宏觀調控 macroeconomic management（or adjustment） 宏觀調控目標 macroeconomic objectives（or targets） 壞賬 bad debt 還本付息 debt service 換匯成本 unit export cost。to simplify（streamline）procedures 交投活躍 brisk trading 繳存準備金 to deposit required reserves 結構扭曲 structural distortion 結構失調 structural imbalance 結構性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance 結構優(yōu)化 structural improvement（optimization） 結匯、售匯 sale and purchase of foreign exchange 金融脆弱 financial fragility 金融動蕩 financial turbulence 金融風波 financial disturbance 金融恐慌 financial panic 金融危機 financial crisis 金融壓抑 financial repression 金融衍生物 financial derivatives 金融詐騙 financial fraud 緊縮銀根 to tighten monetary policy 緊縮政策 austerity policies。chain businesses 良性循環(huán) virtuous cycle 兩極分化 growing ine disparity。interenterprise arrears 善政廉政 good governance 商業(yè)貸款 mercial loans 上市公司 （publicly）listed corporations 設備利用 capacity utilization 社會保障 social safety net。arbitrage（2）指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange 剔除季節(jié)性因素 seasonally adjusted 調節(jié)流動性 to influence liquidity level 貼現窗口 discount window 同比 on yearonyear basis。newly started projects 新增貸款 incremental credit。new job opportunities 信貸規(guī)?？己?review the pliance with credit ceilings 信號失真 distorted signals 信托投資公司 trust and investment panies 信息不對稱 information asymmetry 信息反饋 feedback（information） 信息共享系統(tǒng) information sharing system 信息披露 information disclosure 信用擴張 credir expansion 信用評級 credit rating 姓“資”還是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism。pastdue loans 與國際慣例接軌 to bee patible with internationally accepted 與國際市場接軌 to integrate with the world market 預算外支出（收入） offbudget （extrabudgetary） expenditure（revenue） 預調 preemptive adjustment 月環(huán)比 on a monthonmonth basis。consolidation 政策工具 policy instrument 政策性業(yè)務 policyrelated operations 政策性銀行 policy banks 政策組合 policy mix 政府干預 government intervention 證券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions 證券業(yè)務占款 funding of securities purchase 支付困難 payment difficulty 支付能力 payment capacity 直接調控方式向 to increase the reliance on indirect policy instruments 間接調控方式轉變職能轉換 transformation of functions 職業(yè)道德 professional ethics 指令性措施 mandatory measures 指令性計劃 mandatory plan。phased implementation 逐步取消 to phase out 抓大放小 to seize the big and free the small（to maintain close oversight on the large stateownedenterprises and subject smaller ones to market petition） ?？顚Ｓ?use of funds as earmarked 轉貸 onlending 轉軌經濟 transition economy 轉機 turnaround 轉折關頭 turning point 準財政赤字 quasifiscal deficit 準貨幣 quasimoney 資本不足 undercapitalized 資本充足率 capital adequacy ratio 資本利潤率 return on capital 資本賬戶可兌換 capital account convertibility 資不抵債 insolvent。financing cost 資金到位 fully funded （project） 資金寬裕 to have sufficient funds 資金利用率 fund utilization rate 資金缺口 financing gap 資金體外循環(huán) financial disintermediation 資金占壓 funds tied up 自籌投資項目 selffinanced projects 自有資金 equity fund 綜合國力 overall national strength（often measured by GDP） 綜合效益指標 overall efficiency indicator 綜合治理 prehensive adjustment（retrenchment）。ratio of liabilities to assets 資產集中 asset concentration 資產貢獻率 asset c