【正文】 t? 你上夜班習(xí)慣了嗎 ? They charged him with neglecting his duties. 他們指責(zé)他玩忽職守。 I presented him with a tube of shaving cream. 我送給他一管刮胡膏。 2. 動(dòng)名詞的否定 動(dòng)名詞的否定形式是在動(dòng)名詞的前面加上 not 而構(gòu)成的，例如： Trying without success is better than not trying at all. 試驗(yàn)沒(méi)有成功也比不試驗(yàn)好。 3. 動(dòng)名詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài) He didn39。動(dòng)名詞的 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 表示動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞所表示的動(dòng)作的承受者 ，例如： He came to help us without being asked. 他主動(dòng)來(lái)幫助我們。 They had a feeling of having been illtreated. 他們有一種受虐待的感覺(jué)。s sitting up so late is bad for his health. Their ing to help was a great encouragement to us. They insisted on my staying there for supper. 有時(shí)，動(dòng)名詞的邏輯主語(yǔ)亦可用 名詞或代詞 引導(dǎo)出來(lái)，例如； I don39。做 定語(yǔ) ，例如： He likes to drink cold boiled water. 他喜歡喝冷開(kāi)水。 The boy standing beside Tom is her brother. 單個(gè) 分詞作定語(yǔ)通常置于所修飾的中心詞之 前 ，但如果要強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過(guò)去分詞的動(dòng)作意義，亦 可 后 置，例如： The heat energy produced is equal to the electrical energy utilized. 所產(chǎn)生的熱能與所使用的電能相等。 The situation is encouraging. 形勢(shì)令人鼓舞。 Christmas Day being a holiday, the shops were all closed. 由于圣誕節(jié)是日，所有的商店都關(guān)門(mén)了。 He rushed into the room, his face covered with sweat. 2. 現(xiàn)在分詞與過(guò)去分詞的區(qū)別 Working this way, they greatly reduced the cost. 用這種辦法他們大大降低了成本。 Not having received an answer, he decided to write another letter to them. 由于沒(méi)有接到回信，他決定給他們?cè)賹?xiě)一封信?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成形式表示分詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作之前 ，例如： Having done his homework, he began to write his diary. 他作完作業(yè)后開(kāi)始寫(xiě)日記。 The guests having left, they resumed their discussion. 客人走了之后，他們又繼續(xù)討論。 Everyone having arrived, we were able to begin our work. 既然大家都來(lái)了，我們可以開(kāi)始工作了。t grown well. 由于管理不善，這些蘋(píng)果樹(shù)長(zhǎng)得不好。 分詞的否定是將 not 加在分詞的 前面 而構(gòu)成，例如： Not knowing what to do, she turned to her teacher for help. 由于不知道怎么辦，她便去找老師幫忙。 Do you know the number of books ordered. 你知道訂書(shū)的數(shù)量嗎 ? She looked disappointed. 她顯得很失望。 All things considered, I think we ought to award the job to Smith. 考慮到各方面的情況，我想我們應(yīng)該把這項(xiàng)工作交給史密斯去干。 .分詞做狀語(yǔ) : Having no money,he couldn’t go traveling. Every day they stood there, begging. They came into the classroom,talking and laughing. The old man came in, supported by his son. He sat there, buried in his newspaper. Regarded as the best , the factory was a prize. Marked with names, the books are easily found. 作狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間、原因、方式、伴隨情況、條件等， 例如： Opening the drawer he took out a dictionary. Hearing the news, they all jumped with joy. Fishing over a bridge he hooked a fish. Coming home from school that dark winter39。 Newton39。作表語(yǔ) ，例如： This film is very moving. 這部影片很動(dòng)人。 Our industry is developing at an surprising speed. 我們的工業(yè)正以驚人的速度向前發(fā)展。 I don39。s no use your telling me not to worry. They are looking forward to Mary39。 You can39。 She denied having opened the box. 她否認(rèn)開(kāi)過(guò)箱子。 He was praised for having made such a contribution to the country. 他因?qū)?guó)家做出了這樣大的貢獻(xiàn)而受到贊揚(yáng)。 Do you mind my reading you paper? 我看看你的報(bào)紙行嗎 ? We read those books for the purpose of enlarging our vocabulary. 我們看這些書(shū)為的是擴(kuò)大自己的詞匯量。 Excuse my not ing on time. 原諒我沒(méi)按時(shí)來(lái)。 You must go into the people39。作定語(yǔ) ，例如： His brother works in a printing shop. 他哥哥在一家印刷廠工作。 I don39。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)成語(yǔ)有： insist on, persist in, think of, dream of, object to, suspect … of, accuse … of, charge … with, hear of, approve of, prevent … from, keep … from, stop … from, refrain from, be engaged in look forward to, oppose to, depend on, thank … for, feel like, excuse … for, aim at, devote … to, set about, spend … in, get (be) used to, be fond of, be capable of, be afraid of, be tired o, be sick of, succeed in, be interested in, feel (be) ashamed of, be proud of, be keen on, be responsible for, frighten … into, trick … into 等， Thank you for returning the book that I lent you. 謝謝你把我借給你的書(shū)還給我。作介詞賓語(yǔ) ，例如： He left without saying anything. After standing in the queue for hours, we got two tickets.