【正文】 一個足夠短的采樣周期讓系統(tǒng)工作；(2)僅加入比例控制環(huán)節(jié)，直到系統(tǒng)對輸入的階躍響應(yīng)出現(xiàn)臨界振蕩，記下這時的比例放大系數(shù)和臨界振蕩周期；(3)在一定的控制度下通過公式計算得到PID控制器的參數(shù)。1．整個系統(tǒng)梯形圖：系統(tǒng)警鈴：本條梯形圖中X004常開觸點為報警按鈕，X001常閉觸點在此處代表急停，圖中Y002常開觸點代表警鈴輸出，本條梯形圖，當(dāng)系統(tǒng)未啟動之前警鈴按鈕按下，即此時X004被接通，系統(tǒng)的警鈴開始鳴響，此時系統(tǒng)警鈴響的目的是防止系統(tǒng)突然啟動，造成意外事故，警鈴響起，起到警醒的作用。5．系統(tǒng)減速過程：當(dāng)系統(tǒng)減速按鈕SB3被按下時，此時線圈(X003)被閉合，啟動后滿足啟動條件，此時(M11)為存放減速數(shù)據(jù)的通道，圖中(M1)為控制減速下限的通道。結(jié)論本文較完整的討論了基于凹版印刷機的變頻器控制系統(tǒng)PLC設(shè)計的原理、硬件組成、軟件構(gòu)成。4． 基于變頻器調(diào)速原理的廣泛應(yīng)用，采用變頻器對電機的轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)行控制。參考文獻(xiàn)1 關(guān)昭軍等．變頻器調(diào)速裝置使用淺析．電工文摘，2010，(10)：25~422 張錦燊．基于PLC和變頻器的印刷機控制系統(tǒng)．中山大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文，2007：10~303 張靜俠等．采用PLC控制凹版印刷機三電機同步．職業(yè), 2008，6(32)：8~84 藍(lán)鼎銘．可編程序控制器學(xué)術(shù)分析．華章, 2010,9(31)：9~105 孫玉榮等．專用三相異步電動機和普通三相異步電動機用于變頻調(diào)速的比較．中國市場,2008,5(14)：12~136 吳海燕．變頻器的諧波干擾和負(fù)載的匹配．現(xiàn)代企業(yè)教育,2006,5(16)：3~47 王志強．非晶帶材厚度自動控制的研究．東北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文,2009：4~58 方向明．基于PLC的先進(jìn)控制策略的研究與應(yīng)用．東北大學(xué)碩士學(xué)位論文，2008：16~209 黃慧敏．通用變頻器應(yīng)用中的問題及對策．礦山機械，2004，5(11)：30~3510 曹玉泉,王主恩．異步電機變頻調(diào)速技術(shù)(二)．油氣田地面工程，1991，2(2)：15~3011 劉錚,賈斌,馬麗輝．基于交流異步電機變頻調(diào)速及多種調(diào)速系統(tǒng)的對比．機電信息，2011，1(9)： 10~1512 李肇果．電動執(zhí)行機構(gòu)常見故障及快速排除方法．自動化與儀器儀表，2009，10(3)：3~513 Cynthia Cooper．Programmable Logic Controller[J]．the free wikipedia encyclopedia，2002：16~2014 [M K] Chung．Optimum values of design variables versus specific speed for centrifugal pumps[J]．Proceeding of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers，2009：10~1915 Valenzuela M A,Lorenz R D．Electronic line shafting control for paper machine drives．IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications，2001：10~30附錄一ONE、PLC overviewProgrammable controller is the first in the late 1960s in the United States, then called PLC programmable logic controller (Programmable Logic Controller) is used to replace relays. For the implementation of the logical judgment, timing, sequence number, and other control functions. The concept is presented PLC General Motors Corporation. PLC and the basic design is the puter functional improvements, flexible, generic and other advantages and relay control system simple and easy to operate, such as the advantages of cheap prices bined controller hardware is standard and overall. According to the practical application of target software in order to control the content of the user procedures memory controller, the controller and connecting the accused convenient target.In the mid1970s, the PLC has been widely used as a central processing unit microprocessor, import export module and the external circuits are used, largescale integrated circuits even when the PLC is no longer the only logical (IC) judgment functions also have data processing, PID conditioning and data munications functions. International Electro technical Commission (IEC) standards promulgated programmable controller for programmable controller draft made the following definition ： programmable controller is a digital electronic puters operating system, specifically for applications in the industrial design environment. It used programmable memory, used to implement logic in their internal storage operations, sequence control, timing, counting and arithmetic operations, such as operating instructions, and through digital and analog input and output, the control of various types of machinery or production processes. Programmable controller and related peripherals, and industrial control systems easily linked to form a whole, to expand its functional design. Programmable controller for the user, is a noncontact equipment, the procedures can be changed to change production processes. The programmable controller has bee a powerful tool for factory automation, widely popular replication. Programmable controller is useroriented industries dedicated control puter, with many distinctive features.First, high reliability, antiinterference capability。s internal unnecessary, but working mechanism of every part of the circuit. The CPU control works, by it reads CPU instruction, interprets the instruction and executes instructions. But the pace of work by shock signal control. Unit work under the controller mand used in a digital or logic puting and storage register of putation result, it is also among the controller mand and work. CPU speed and memory capacity is the important parameters for PLC , its determines the PLC speed of work, IO PLC number and software capacity, so limits to control size. Central Processing Unit (CPU) is the brain of a PLC controller. CPU itself is usually one of the microcontrollers. Aforetime these were 8bit microcontrollers such as 8051, and now these are 16and 32bit microcontrollers. Unspoken rule is that you’ll find mostly Hitachi and Fujicu microcontrollers in PLC controllers by Japanese makers, Siemens in European controllers, and Motorola microcontrollers in American ones. CPU also takes care of munication, interconnectedness among other parts of PLC controllers, program execution, memory operation, overseeing input and setting up of an output.System memory (today mostly implemented in FLASH technology) is used by a PLC for a process control system. Aside form. this operating system it also contains a user program translated forma ladder diagram to a binary form. FLASH memory contents can be changed only in case where user program is being changed. PLC controllers were used earlier instead of PLASH memory and have had EPROM memory instead of FLASH memory which had to be erased with UV lamp and programmed on programmers. With the use of FLASH technology this process was greatly shortened. Reprogramming a program memory is done through a serial cable in a program for application development.User memory is divided into blocks having special functions. Some parts of a memory are used for storing input and output status. The real status of an input is stored either as “1”or as “0”in a specific memory bit/ each input or output has one corresponding bit in memory. Other parts of memory are used to store variable contents for variables used in used program. For example, time value, or counter value would be stored in this part of the memory.PLC controller can be reprogrammed thr