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facture transportation fuels from abundant coal. ? Insurance against depleting oil stocks and oil supply problems. Direct Coal Liquefaction ( introduction) ? The principal objective of coal liquefaction is the production of liquid hydrocarbon distillate products from a coal’s mostly aromatic structure to be used as transportation fuels or chemicals. ? Finely crushed coal (85% minus mm) is prepared as a slurry with a processderived vehicle oil, preheated and pumped into a heated (400–500℃ ) pressure vessel (–) in the presence of hydrogen gas with or without a catalyst for some duration (30–150 minutes). ? Singlestage Process and Twostage Process. Singlestage Process ? IGOR (Germany) ? NEDOL (Japan) ? HCoal (USA) ? Exxon Donor