【正文】 nvoice and shipping documents were marked C. K. D. . But at the port of destination, the customs imposed a severe penalty on the goods, and the buyer demanded pensation from the seller. Was the buyer entitled to the pensation?( C. K. D. : Completely Knocked Down, S. K. D. : Semi Knocked Down)析：本題的解題要點：導(dǎo)致買方被海關(guān)罰款的原因是單貨不符。Chapter 5 Cargo Transportation 12345678910I. Multiple choicesDBCDBAACBAII. True or false statementsTFTFTFFFTTIII. Calculation1. The price quoted by an exporter was USD38 per case FOB Shanghai. The importer requested a revised CFR Live。答案：Yes，買方應(yīng)得到賠償。(3)答案：如按公量計算，這批貨只有16．54公噸。(2)答案：買方這筆交易不劃算。為了準(zhǔn)確計算這類商品的重量，國際貿(mào)易中買賣雙方通常會約定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(公定)回潮率，采用按公量計算的辦法。答題的切入點：1)數(shù)量規(guī)定不明確；2)不同度量衡制度下的“噸”表示的實際數(shù)量不同。3. ABC Company signed a contract to export rice. The quantity was 10 000 tons. After taking the delivery, the foreign buyer demanded an additional 160 metric tons of rice. What went wrong?析：本題的解題要點：合約中的數(shù)量為“噸”，是不明確的規(guī)定。表示品質(zhì)的方法很多，品質(zhì)條款應(yīng)視商品的特性而定，采取合理的品質(zhì)規(guī)定。 Company sent a sample of exporting goods to a German buyer during negotiation. Later, a contract was signed, and the provision of the goods was, Moisture: 14%。在此情況下，買方有權(quán)利拒收貨物。?The mon ways to measure the weight of export goods include gross weight, net weight, conditioned weight, theoretical weight and legal weight.~ Gross weight refers to the weight of the modity plus the weight of the packing. Gross weight is applicable to modities of paratively low value.~ Net weight means the actual weight of a modity itself excluding the weight of the packing. According to CISG Article 56, the weight of a modity is calculated by its net weight unless otherwise stated in the contract.~ Conditioned weight is adopted for moisture unstable modities with high value, such as wool.~ The weight is a theoretical weight when the total weight of the product is calculated by multiplying the total quantity and the unit weight, rather than measured actually. Theoretical weight is applicable to modities of standardized sizes and specifications.~ Legal weight is the weight of the goods including the immediate, inner, or direct packing of the goods. According to the customs laws and regulations in some countries, legal weight is usually used as the basis for tariff calculation.4. What are the different ways of calculating the tare when net weight is used?In international trade, tare can be calculated by actual/real tare, by average tare, by customary tare or by puted tare when net weight is used and the weight of packing, i. e. the tare, must be deducted.~ Actual/real tare refers to the actual weight of the packing of the modities. In order to get the actual tare of the goods, each packing of a good has to be weighed in order to get a total.~ By average tare, the weight of the packing is calculated on the basis of the average. The average tare can be calculated by weighing a part of the packing of the modities and working out the average when the packing materials are uniform and the specifications of goods are standardized.~ The packing of some modities are unified and standardized and the weight of the packing is known and accepted by everyone. In this case, the recognized weight of the packing, which is called the customary tare, can be used in calculating the net weight. ~ Computed tare is the weight of the packing agreed upon by the parties concerned. In this case, the net weight is calculated by deducting the tare previously agreed upon from the gross weight of the modity.5. What are the issues to be concerned when specifying quantity clause in a sales contract?When stipulating a quantity clause in a sales contract, the following are to be concerned:~ adopting the right unit measurementsIn international trade, the quantity of modities is always shown as a specific amount in different measurement units such as weight, number, length, area and volume, etc. Since different modities have different natures and characteristics, the adoption of measurement units varies. Therefore, the quantity of the contract modity must be measured in the right measurement unit.~ being aware of different measurement unitsDue to the existence of different measurement systems in the world, traders need to be aware of the consistency of system. A notable fact is that some units in different systems carry the same name though。 2) Destination。 or the packing material is almost of the same value as that of the goods, like grain and fodder.5. standard regainStandard regain (rate) refers to the ratio between the water content and the dry weight of the goods which is accepted in the world market or agreed upon by the seller and the buyer.6. conditioned weightConditioned weight is adopted for some modities like wool which is not usually packed in a vacuum container and tends to absorb moisture, as the weight of these modities is likely to be unstable due to the fluctuation of their actual moisture content and varies greatly from time to time, and from places to places. In addition, these products are of high value, it bees important for the buyer and seller to reach an agreement on the concept of weight.7. more or less clauseMore or less clause refers to the stipulation constituting part of the quantity clause in the contract that allows the seller to deliver the goods with a certain percentage of more or less in quantity accordingly. The use of more or less clause is for the sake of efficient shipment and less plexity in contract execution because in practice it is not that easy to control the quantity of goods supplied strictly and exactly.A more or less clause usually concerns three issues: 1 ) how much more or less should be allowed。s L/C requiring immediate shipment. At this time, the market price of the goods went up by 20%. What options did X have to deal with Y?析：1)Y在兩天后的回復(fù)中雖然聲明接受報盤，但同時要求“shipment immediately”，這是對原報盤的船期“shipment within 2 months”