【正文】
以考慮采用面向應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的定制方法改造中間件。以物聯(lián)網(wǎng)為代表的新興產(chǎn)業(yè)目前正在全國(guó)快速有序地推進(jìn),為使我國(guó)在新一輪信息技術(shù)革命中處于最有利地位,保持我們的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力、保障我們的利益以及推進(jìn)我們的全球影響力,我國(guó)政府正持續(xù)在政策和資金方面加大對(duì)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的投入,調(diào)動(dòng)各類(lèi)資源特別是智力資源參與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的規(guī)劃和建設(shè)。長(zhǎng)期來(lái)看,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)不僅是應(yīng)對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī),提升競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的有力工具,它更是人類(lèi)發(fā)展的必然階段,它將以前破碎的互聯(lián)網(wǎng)、工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、氣象、地質(zhì)等等有機(jī)地連接起來(lái)形成一個(gè)巨大的智慧生態(tài)系統(tǒng),人們對(duì)它價(jià)值的認(rèn)知才剛剛開(kāi)始。 結(jié) 論物聯(lián)網(wǎng)被稱(chēng)為繼計(jì)算機(jī)、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)之后,世界信息產(chǎn)業(yè)的第三次浪潮。致 謝光陰似箭,轉(zhuǎn)眼間,大學(xué)三年的生活就要結(jié)束了。幾經(jīng)波折,我的論文終于完成。特別是徐老師,對(duì)我的論文提出了許多中肯的意見(jiàn),讓我受益匪淺。無(wú)論我成功與否,你們都在我的身邊陪伴著我。 breeding, recycling, environmental management services, energy management, etc.SocietyActivities/ initiatives regarding the development and inclusion of societies, cities, and peopleGovernmental services towards citizens and other society structures (eparticipation), einclusion (. aging, disabled people), etc.Since we cannot isolate any of the above domains, we need to think in terms of developing new applications and services that apply at intra and interdomain level. For example, monitoring of the food chain, or dangerous goods, has not only to do with the industry itself, but also has societal implications that need to be taken into consideration.Therefore, in the Internet of Things paradigm, we can refer to Applications (in the sense of a whole system/ framework/ tool that supports one or more of the above domains) and isolated Services that cater for a specific functionality/ need of the intra inter domain level. While these applications domains have different objectives/goals, they don’t have significantly different requirements with regard to IoT and applications that would be deployed on that platform. TelemunicationsIoT will create the possibility of merging of different telemunication technologies and create new services. One example is the use of GSM, NFC (Near Field Communication), low power Bluetooth, WLAN, multi hop networks, GPS and sensor networks together with SIMcard technology. In these types of applications the Reader/tag is part of the mobile phone, and different applications share the SIMcard. NFC enables munications among objects in a simple and secure way just by having them close to each other. The mobile phone can therefore be used as a NFCreader and transmit the read data to a central server. When used in a mobile phone, the SIMcard plays an important role as storage for the NFC data and authentication credentials (like ticket numbers, credit card accounts, ID information etc).Things can join networks and facilitate peertopeer munication for specialized purposes or to increase robustness of munications channels and networks. Things can form adhoc peertopeer networks in disaster situations to keep the flow of vital information going in case of telemunication infrastructure failures.In the long term, the borders between IoT and classic telemunication networks will blur: a situationaware service environment will be pervasively exploited (crossing different domains) for supporting the creation of services and understanding of information, at the same time ensuring protection from frauds (that will inevitably going to grow as Internet bees more and more used), guaranteeing privacy. In this context, services will be posed from different providers, stakeholders, and even endusers’ terminals.Services will cross different ad。參考文獻(xiàn)[1] 馬華東.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)基礎(chǔ)研究[R].北京:北京郵電大學(xué),2019.[2] 沈蘇彬,宗平,毛燕琴等.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的體系結(jié)構(gòu)與相關(guān)技術(shù)研究[J].南京:南京郵電大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào),2009,29(6):1—11[3] 劉化君.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)體系結(jié)構(gòu)研究[J].中國(guó)新通信,2010.5.[4] 鄒生,何新華.物流信息化與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)建設(shè)[M].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2010.[5] 寧煥生,張彥.RFID與物聯(lián)網(wǎng)—射頻、中間件、解析與服務(wù)[M].北京:電子工業(yè)出版社,2008.[6] 吳功宜.智慧的物聯(lián)網(wǎng)—感知中國(guó)和世界的技術(shù)[M].北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社,2010.[7] 王慧強(qiáng),王振東,陳曉明.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其應(yīng)用研究[J].哈爾濱:大慶師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào),2011,31(3):1—5.[8] 郭苑,張順頤,孫雁飛.物聯(lián)網(wǎng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及有待解決的問(wèn)題研究[R].南京:南京郵電大學(xué),2010.[9] 付?。疅o(wú)線射頻識(shí)別技術(shù)研究[J].山西科技,2009(1):22—23.[10] 任豐原,黃海寧,林闖.無(wú)線傳感網(wǎng)絡(luò)[J].軟件學(xué)報(bào),2003,14(7):1282—1291.附 錄一、英文原文The EU networking research strategy roadmap for networking applicationsInternet of Things Application DomainsThe concept of Internet of Things can be regarded as an extension of the existing interaction between humans and applications through the new dimension of “Things” munication and integration. IoT will add value and extend the capabilities of traditional and localised exploitation of automatic identification and data capture (AIDC) and other interfacing ‘edge’ technologies and examples of envisioned IoT applications will be given in in the following sections.The term “Things” can be perceived in a different way and depending on the domain in which it is used. In Industry, the “Thing” may typically be the product itself, the equipment, transportation means, etc。最后要感謝的是我的父母和家人,是你們?cè)谖页砷L(zhǎng)的道路上一如既往的給我支持與鼓勵(lì)。在此對(duì)您表示真誠(chéng)的感謝。在此,我通過(guò)這段文字感謝三年來(lái)在成長(zhǎng)道路上扶持過(guò)我,幫助過(guò)我的所有人。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)在發(fā)展過(guò)程當(dāng)中還將會(huì)遭遇許多已知和未知的問(wèn)題。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)一個(gè)重要特征就是能夠快速大規(guī)模部署并能夠長(zhǎng)期穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行,這樣的特征就要求我們的家居產(chǎn)品必須具備無(wú)線、無(wú)縫、綠色、安全、可靠的能力,從這些基本能力來(lái)看,傳統(tǒng)的所謂智能家居產(chǎn)品顯然已經(jīng)不能適應(yīng)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代的要求,這些傳統(tǒng)的思路、思想正日益成為阻礙物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展的制約因素,成為物聯(lián)網(wǎng)創(chuàng)新應(yīng)用的無(wú)形漁網(wǎng),現(xiàn)在是拋棄綜合布線、系統(tǒng)集成思想的時(shí)候了,我們應(yīng)該營(yíng)造良好的創(chuàng)新氛圍,給各種無(wú)線應(yīng)用以新的舞臺(tái),迅速淘汰落后的、過(guò)時(shí)的有線智能家居產(chǎn)品。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)不僅是簡(jiǎn)單意義上的物物相聯(lián),它在更深的層次上是一個(gè)全球性的生態(tài)系統(tǒng),在這個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中,人類(lèi)僅僅是其中非常小的一部分,但人類(lèi)的參與是其中最重要的特征,參與的形式不再停留在基本的生存生活階段,而會(huì)過(guò)渡到更高級(jí)的感知自然,認(rèn)知自然,理解自然,順應(yīng)自然,利用自然的新階段。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)中面臨許多挑戰(zhàn),例如提供安全、實(shí)時(shí)的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)技術(shù)[,物聯(lián)網(wǎng)系統(tǒng)的正確性驗(yàn)證技術(shù)[、嵌入式萬(wàn)維網(wǎng)服務(wù)開(kāi)發(fā)技術(shù)、隱私保護(hù)技術(shù)]以及安全控制技術(shù)等,這些技術(shù)是決定物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)能否得到廣泛應(yīng)用的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。中間件可以減少50%的軟件開(kāi)發(fā)時(shí)間和成本,由于CPS資源的限制、服務(wù)質(zhì)量要求、可靠性要求等,通用的中間件無(wú)法滿足CPS應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā)的需求] 。物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)中,還需要建立物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的可依賴性模型,這也是進(jìn)行物聯(lián)網(wǎng)開(kāi)發(fā)的一個(gè)挑戰(zhàn)。二、技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)方面的挑戰(zhàn)物聯(lián)網(wǎng)技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)中,面臨諸多的技術(shù)開(kāi)發(fā)方面的挑戰(zhàn)。第四章 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)未來(lái)的發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)及方向第一節(jié) 物聯(lián)網(wǎng)發(fā)展面臨的挑戰(zhàn)一、基礎(chǔ)研究方面的挑戰(zhàn)美國(guó)加州大學(xué)伯克利分校Edward A. Lee教授在分析了當(dāng)今計(jì)算和聯(lián)網(wǎng)方式與物理處理過(guò)程,提出了兩者的差異:物理系統(tǒng)中的部件在安全性和可靠性方面的需求與通用計(jì)算部件存在質(zhì)的差異。通過(guò)在物體中植入智能系統(tǒng),可以使得物體具備一定的智能性,能夠主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)的實(shí)現(xiàn)與用戶的溝通,這也是物聯(lián)網(wǎng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)之一。 分布式數(shù)據(jù)融合技術(shù)需要人工智能理論的支撐,包括智能信息獲取的形式化方法、海量信息處理的理論和方法、網(wǎng)絡(luò)環(huán)境下信息的開(kāi)發(fā)與利用方法,以及計(jì)算機(jī)基礎(chǔ)理論。此外,還會(huì)降低信息的收集效率,影響信息采集的及時(shí)性,所以需要采用數(shù)據(jù)融合與智能技術(shù)進(jìn)行處理。但是,由于IPv6協(xié)議棧過(guò)于龐大復(fù)雜,不能直接應(yīng)用到傳感器設(shè)備中,需要對(duì) IPv6 協(xié)議棧和路由機(jī)制作相應(yīng)的精簡(jiǎn),才能滿足低功耗、低存儲(chǔ)容量和低傳送速率的要求。在標(biāo)準(zhǔn)方面,已發(fā)布 ZigBee 技術(shù)的第 3 ;對(duì)于芯片,已能夠規(guī)模生產(chǎn)基于IEEE ZigBee 射頻芯片(將單片機(jī)和射頻芯片整合在一起);在應(yīng)用方面,ZigBee 技術(shù)已廣泛應(yīng)用于工業(yè)、精確農(nóng)業(yè)、家庭和樓宇自動(dòng)化、醫(yī)學(xué)、消費(fèi)和家用自動(dòng)化、道路指示/安全行路等眾多領(lǐng)域。對(duì)于智能小物體網(wǎng)絡(luò)層的網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信技術(shù)目前有兩項(xiàng):一是基于 ZigBee 聯(lián)盟開(kāi)發(fā)的 ZigBee協(xié)議進(jìn)行傳感器節(jié)點(diǎn)或者其他智能物體的互聯(lián);另一技術(shù)是IP