【正文】 百家企業(yè)相繼進(jìn)入小欖鎮(zhèn)，形成了以球形鎖制品為主的產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈上的專業(yè)分工網(wǎng)絡(luò)。30 / 49結(jié) 束 語(yǔ)21 世紀(jì)企業(yè)間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，根本的就是文化競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，一個(gè)成功的企業(yè)一定要有完善治理結(jié)構(gòu)，有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的核心技術(shù)，有創(chuàng)新精神的企業(yè)家及管理團(tuán)隊(duì)，積極和諧的企業(yè)文化。其次，企業(yè)集群內(nèi)諸多行為主體在不斷的相互交往中所逐漸形成的“集群文化”構(gòu)筑了中小企業(yè)集群的個(gè)性。因此，民營(yíng)企業(yè)群向企業(yè)休群發(fā)展過程中，要充分考慮本地區(qū)的社會(huì)文化特色，并且不斷吸收和借鑒外來的、時(shí)代的各種文化中有益成分，營(yíng)造一個(gè)有利于創(chuàng)新的文化氛圍。在文章的第二部分，被采用為統(tǒng)計(jì)分析的方法理論將會(huì)得到解釋，并且經(jīng)驗(yàn)分析的結(jié)果將會(huì)被論述。在一些觀察領(lǐng)域和工業(yè)行業(yè)里抵制改革是由文化上企業(yè)的同性決定的。 這些企業(yè)家文化是抵制改革和中斷改革的典型代表,這些企業(yè)家文化導(dǎo)致企業(yè)家傾向于已有的解決辦法，并不愿采取創(chuàng)新的行為。我們的結(jié)果含意可能會(huì)使那些正在分析新投資的生存力新企業(yè)家有興趣。(Low and MacMillan 1988。此外, 在企業(yè)中促使企業(yè)家和管理文化上成長(zhǎng)和35 / 49有保持力的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)程, 以及企業(yè)家行為的改變，都深深地影響著企業(yè)的外部關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)。這個(gè)網(wǎng)絡(luò)是復(fù)雜的, 由外部因素對(duì)內(nèi)在因素的臨界面組成并且產(chǎn)生影響中小企業(yè)進(jìn)化發(fā)展的特定的企業(yè)家文化, 它能夠從外部環(huán)境學(xué)習(xí)并且它的能力是有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性的。如果企業(yè)不能在短時(shí)間內(nèi)達(dá)到這個(gè)要求，企業(yè)將會(huì)被市場(chǎng)淘汰（圖 1） 。金字塔所以描述的下兩個(gè)步驟是主觀的和中小企業(yè)內(nèi)存因素所組成的企業(yè)文化和企業(yè)家。37 / 49（圖 1）經(jīng)濟(jì)環(huán)境與小企業(yè)當(dāng)中企業(yè)家文化的關(guān)系網(wǎng)絡(luò)第二組成部分是由企業(yè)家的“文化比率”和企業(yè)家的行為特性所組成的，為些行為特性是在他增加自己的知識(shí)期間和批評(píng)并承認(rèn)自己知識(shí)面的有限性所表現(xiàn)出來的。除了38 / 49彼此的相互作用外，企業(yè)家文化的這兩個(gè)組成部分有效地影響著企業(yè)家的學(xué)習(xí)能力（小企業(yè)的企業(yè)家也是同樣） 。res where the relationship between customer and supplier is different, as for example in hightechindustries, so as to verify whether the intensity of the relations with the market differs according to external factors or the technological intensity of the industries examined.THE INFLUENCE OF THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT ON THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE AND THE COMPETITIVENESS OF SMALL FIRMSThe characteristics of the entrepreneurial1 culture and the learning processes2 presentin the firm are related to mechanisms of reciprocal dependence since the entrepreneurial and managerial culture of the firm evolve in relation to the capacity for learning and retention from the external environment (Low and MacMillan 1988。 Ropo and Hunt 1995). Also, entrepreneurs are then increasingly confident of their ability to face unknown contexts and subjects. a reciprocal reinforcement that allows the firm to achieve its cognitive and petitive potential.Proposition 1: the interrelation between the entrepreneurial culture and learning processes influence the evolution of a firm and represent the main element for the increase of the petitive capacity of the firm.43 / 49The work of relationships between the economic environment and the entrepreneurial culture influence the entrepreneur to be more or less open to change. This work is plex, consists of external factors that interface with internal factors and create a specific entrepreneurial culture that influences the evolutionary development of the small firm, its ability to learn from the external environment and therefore its capacity to be petitive.It is possible to identify the following ponents in the work of relationships between the small firm and the economic environment:Objective factors external to the firm:? economic environment? work of relationships between the firm and the marketSubjective factors internal to the firm:? characteristics of the human resource (cultural stock)? openness to change (cultural rate)These influence the level of learning propensity of the firm and therefore its petitive capacity. Today the capacity to rapidly perceive new external stimuli from the market and 44 / 49petitors and therefore transform them in new proposals and/or new products is a determining factor in achieving customer satisfaction. Firms that are not able to keep up this standard in a short period of time will moreover be excluded from the market (Figure 1).The two bottom boxes of the pyramid represent the external environmental factors and these can be modified only in the long term. Specifically, the economic environment is made up of actors present in the environmental system where the firm operates (clients, suppliers, petitors, central and local public administration, consultants). The work of relations between the firm and the market is represented by factors, such as changing binations of the firm size, industry characteristics, market conditions and export processes, that determine if there will be strong or weak relations between the firm and the market.The next two st。 Bull and Willard 1993). The characteristics of entrepreneurship are influenced in a very definite manner by the nature of the relations that firm’s establish with the external environment. Furthermore, the learning processes that induce the growth and retention of entrepreneurial and managerial culture in the firm and changes in entrepreneurial behavior can deeply influence the work of external relations of the firm. Noheless, the capacity to learn is deeply influenced by the characteristics of the entrepreneurial culture. The more the latter grows the more there is an increase in the capacity of prehension of a more vast and heterogeneous ensemble of phenomenon (Frauenfelder1978。附錄二：外文參考文獻(xiàn)原文THE NETWORK OF RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND THE ENTREPRENEURIAL CULTURE IN SMALL FIRMSAbstract: In this article we maintain that the cultural 39 / 49evolution processes of small firms are strongly influenced by the type of relationships that they establish with the economic environment. In the first part of the article, the main points of the discussion are set forth. Here, the theoretical debate is presented and the existing relations between the entrepreneurial culture and the interaction of firms with their economic environment is analyzed. In the second part of the article, the methodologies adopted for the statistical analysis are explained, and the results of the empirical analysis are presented. Finally, in the third part the implications for practitioners, industrial policies, and future directions in research are discussed. The importance of openness to change in the entrepreneurial culture is a basic assumption in this study. It is well known that in small and medium firms, entrepreneurs often demonstrate “a resistance to change” that limits the firm’s petitiveness. In some observed territorial and ind