20xx年電大建筑專業(yè)-建筑測量試題小抄(文件)
【正文】 = – – = – = 31′12″（應(yīng)說明計(jì)算過程與主要公式）（10分）41．某地區(qū)要進(jìn)行大比例尺地形測圖，采用經(jīng)緯儀配合半圓儀測圖法，以一棟建筑物的測量為例，論述在一個測站上進(jìn)行碎部測量的步驟與方法。以建筑物為例，首先進(jìn)行安置儀器、定向，然后依次瞄準(zhǔn)建筑物的碎部點(diǎn)進(jìn)行觀測讀數(shù)的計(jì)算，通過水平角確定方向，通過水平距離在該方向上確定碎部點(diǎn)位置，計(jì)算高程，然后連接各碎部點(diǎn)即完成了建筑物的測繪。t do that it will go on and go on. We have to stop it。s 150th anniversary celebrations and will attend City39。for the racist behaviour of their fans durings actions.CSKA said they were surprised and disappointed by Toure39。t. Baumgartner still will free fall at a speed that would cause you and me to pass out, and no parachute is guaranteed to work higher than 25,000 feet (7,620 meters).cause there第 12 頁 共 12 頁。ll be traveling fast, so despite the distance, it will not be like diving into the deep end of a pool. It will be like he is diving into the shallow end.Skydiver preps for the big jumpWhen he jumps, he is expected to reach the speed of sound 690 mph (1,110 kph) in less than 40 seconds. Like hitting the top of the water, he will begin to slow as he approaches the more dense air closer to Earth. But this will not be enough to stop him pletely.If he goes too fast or spins out of control, he has a stabilization parachute that can be deployed to slow him down. His team hopes it39。s 21 win.Michel Platini, president of European football39。s about how he felt and I would like to speak to him first to find out what his experience was.Uefa hass celebrations said he wanted to meet Ivory Coast international Toure to discuss his plaint.CSKA general director Roman Babaev says the matter has been exaggerated by the Ivorian and the British media.Blatter, 77, said: It has been decided by the Fifa congress that it is a nonsense for racism to be dealt with with fines. You can always find money from somebody to pay them.It is a nonsense to have matches played without spectators because it is against the spirit of football and against the visiting team. It is all nonsense.We can do something better to fight racism and discrimination.This is one of the villains we have today in our game. But it is only with harsh sanctions that racism and discrimination can be washed out of football.The (lack of) air up there Watch mCayman Islandsbased Webb, the head of Fifa39。用測回法測量，先在A、B兩點(diǎn)上立好測釬，將經(jīng)緯儀置于O點(diǎn)，按以下程序觀測：o 正鏡，照準(zhǔn)A，讀取水平讀盤讀數(shù)，記入觀測手簿； o 順時針轉(zhuǎn)動望遠(yuǎn)鏡照準(zhǔn)B ，讀取水平讀盤讀數(shù)； 由正鏡方向兩讀數(shù)差可以計(jì)算出上半測回水平角βL= （3分）o 倒轉(zhuǎn)望遠(yuǎn)鏡，瞄準(zhǔn)B，讀取水平讀盤讀數(shù)； o 逆時針方向轉(zhuǎn)動望遠(yuǎn)鏡，瞄準(zhǔn)A，讀取水平讀盤讀數(shù)； 計(jì)算下半測回水平角βR= （6分）若上下半測回角度差小于限差，則取平均值作為最后的角度，否則重新觀測。具體操作步驟包括在測站點(diǎn)上安置儀器、置水平度盤讀數(shù)為0176。試計(jì)算M、A兩點(diǎn)的水平距離和坐標(biāo)方位角。及前后視距相等時，可以消除角誤差。答：方法1：直接從平行于X軸的坐標(biāo)格網(wǎng)向AB方向量取角度；方法2：通過量取A、B兩點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)進(jìn)行坐標(biāo)反算。（2）“步步有檢核”。（第一句不回答不扣分，也可以用公式表達(dá)）33．大地水準(zhǔn)面：通過平均海水面的水準(zhǔn)面（或平均海水面向
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