【正文】 the wheel. The researchers want to know if such systems, which give audible or written directions, are too distracting — or whether any distractions are offset by the benefits drivers get from having help finding their way in unfamiliar locations. “ We ’ re looking at the performance and mental workload of drivers,” said Caryl Baldwin, the assistant psychology professor leading the research, which involves measuring drivers’ reaction time and brain activity as they respond to auditory and visual cues. The researchers just pleted a study of the mental workload involved in driving through different kinds of environments and heavy vs. light traffic. Preliminary results show that as people “ get into more challenging driving situations, they don’ t have any extra mental energy to respond to something else in the environment,” Baldwin said. But the tradeoffs could be worth it, she said. This next step is to test different ways of giving drivers navigational information and how those methods change the drivers’ mental workload. “ Is it best if they see a picture?that shows their position, a map kind of display?” Baldwin said. “ Is it best if they hear it?” navigational systems now on the market give pointbypoint directions that follow a prescribed route. “ They’ re very unfiving,” Baldwin said. “ If 357 mess microscopic M you miss a turn, they can almost seem to get angry.” That style of directions also can be frustrating for people who prefer more general instructions. But such broad directions can confuse drivers who prefer route directions, Baldwin said. Perhaps manufacturers should allow drivers to choose the style of directions they want, or modify systems to present some information in a way that makes sense for people who prefer the survey style, she said. Interestingly, other research has shown that about 60 percent of men prefer the survey style, while 60 percent women prefer the route style, Baldwin said. This explains the classic little thing of why men don’t like to stop and ask for directions and women do, Baldwin added. 練習(xí)： 1. Which statement is true of the description in the first two paragraphs? A. If Coyne had stopped the car in time, he wouldn’ t have hit the woman. B. The woman would have been knocked over, if Coyne had followed the traffic regulations. C. Coyne is not really driving so it is impossible for him to have hit the woman. D. If the woman had not crossed the street suddenly, Coyne would not have hit her. 2. What do researchers want to find out, according to the third and fourth paragraphs? A. Whether or not audible or written directions are distracting. B. how long it will take the driver to respond to auditory and visual stimuli. C. How the driver perform under certain metal workload. D. All of the above. 3. What are the preliminary results given in the fifth paragraph? A. Drivers are afraid of getting into challenging driving situations. B. In challenging driving situations, drivers still have extra energy to handle other things. C. In challenging driving situations, drivers do not have any additional mental energy to deal with something else. D. Drivers’ mental load remains unchanged under different situations. 358 mess microscopic M 4. The sixth paragraph mainly state that the researchers. A. is designing a visual navigational information system. B. is designing an audio navigational information system. C. is designing an audiovisual navigational information system. D. want to determine the best ways of giving navigational information system. 5. What kind of directions do men and women prefer? A. Women prefer more general directions and men prefer route directions. B. Men prefer more general directions and women prefer route direction. C. Both men and women prefer general directions. D. Both men and women prefer route directions. 答案與解釋 : 1. C 根據(jù)第一段和第二段的內(nèi)容，讀者可以知道，這不是 Coyne 真實的駕車經(jīng)歷。石油也可從煤中提煉獲得。阿拉斯加北極國家野生動物保護(hù)區(qū)最新成為美國能源的又一主要供應(yīng)地 ，減少了美國對國外進(jìn)口石油的依賴。煤是使 用效率最低、最不健康、最不環(huán)保的化石燃料，但因其供應(yīng)充足 —— 煤的儲量是石油的 6 倍，煤的使用量又有所回升。但當(dāng)供應(yīng)縮減時，情況就會改變，我們就不能像現(xiàn)在這樣不加節(jié)制地消耗石油了。 譯文： 石油匱乏 全世界每天都要消耗相當(dāng)于億桶石油的能源。 4. B 答案在第五段第二句中。 2. C 短文的第二段告訴我們，木材曾經(jīng)是主要燃料來源，然后被煤所替代；自人們開始采油后，對煤的需求下降了，但 因為媒的儲量遠(yuǎn)大于石油，它可能又會成為主要燃料，盡管它對環(huán)境昀具破壞力。不同于 ton。 2020 年，美國眾議院通過了一項基于布什提出的在那里進(jìn)行石油開采的議案。它將使乘客有更多機(jī)會欣賞風(fēng)景，閃為舊式 Aluin 潛水器只有三個窗，“，新式的將有 五個窗戶，其中有很多折疊，乘客和宇航員可以看見相同的事物。長約 37英，里面環(huán)境將是個小球體，約 8英尺寬。它也可能會使水下探索更容易些。 Alvin 潛水器下水始于 1964 年。作為 一種載人潛艇或人 T 操作丁具，這種新的機(jī)器將替代世界上第一個深海潛水器 Alvin。最后一段告訴我們，兩艘潛水352 mess microscopic M 裝置的上下活動速度和行進(jìn)速度有所差別。 3． C 本文討論探索海底世界的潛水裝置，所 以“充滿神秘色彩的世界”指的就是海洋。 第二十篇 Explorer of the Extreme Deep Oceans cover more than twothirds of our pla． Yet， just a small fraction of the undcrwaler world has been uxplored． Now，Scientists at the Woods Hole1 Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) in Massachusetts are building an underwater vehicle hat will carry explorers as deep as 6,500 meters (21,320 feet)． The new machine，known as a manned submersible or humanoperated vehicle (HOV)，will replace another one named Alvin2 which bas an amazing record of discovery， playing a key role in various important and famous undersea expeditions ． Alvin has been operating for 40 years but can go down only 4,500 meters (14,784 feet)． It’ s about time for an upgrade， WHOI researchers say． Alvin was launched in 1964． Since then， Alvin has worked between 200 and 250 days a year，says Daniel Fornari ， a marine geologist and director of the Deep 350 mess microscopic M Ocean Exploration Institute at WHOI． During its lifeti