《國(guó)家責(zé)任》ppt課件 (2)(文件)
【正文】 s breach of an international obligation of essential importance for the safeguarding and preservation of the human environment, such as those prohibiting massive pollution of the atmosphere or of the seas. ? 4. Any internationally wrongful act which is not an international crime in accordance with paragraph 2 constitutes an international delict. ? Internatinal crimes? ? Erga omnes? ? Jus cogens(peremptory rules)? ? most serious breaches of international obligation ? Erga omnes ? The ICJ39。rica.39。國(guó)際法 第五章 國(guó)家責(zé)任 State Responsibility 第一節(jié) 概述 ? 一、國(guó)家責(zé)任的性質(zhì) ? 二、國(guó)家責(zé)任理論的發(fā)展和演變 ? The treatment of aliens ? Primary and secondary rules ? Crimes ＆ Delicts ? International wrongful act ? Serious breaches of obligations to the international munity as a whole ? 三、國(guó)際法委員會(huì)的編纂工作 ? 2022年《國(guó)家對(duì)國(guó)際不法行為的責(zé)任條款草案》 The treament of aliens ? The minimum international standard ? The calvo clause ? Legal principle, applicable in international disputes, that aliens have no more rights than the citizens of a sovereign state. Therefore, such disputes lie within the purview of the domestic laws and only the courts in the host country have the jurisdiction to hear the case. This doctrine is an integral part of many national constitutions and treaties (specially in Latin America) and forms the basis of Calvo clause. Named after the Argentine diplomat and historian Carlos Calvo (18241906) who propounded it in his 1868 book 39。ctico de Europa y Am233。 ? (c) a serious breach on a widespread scale of an international obligation of essential importance for safeguarding the human being, suc
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