【正文】 班子執(zhí)行董事會的決定，對公司日常生產(chǎn)經(jīng)營進(jìn)行指揮和領(lǐng)導(dǎo)；監(jiān)事會則代表股東和職工對公司活動實(shí)行監(jiān)督。公司所實(shí)行的民主又都是以法制為基礎(chǔ)的。 。（2）戰(zhàn)略控制。（3）人事控制。二是通過制定財務(wù)制度和采覾3財務(wù)技術(shù)來控制子公司的財務(wù)活動。 企業(yè)集團(tuán)治理的目標(biāo)是建立能夠維護(hù)企業(yè)集團(tuán)成員長期、有效合作，實(shí)現(xiàn)集團(tuán)長遠(yuǎn)戰(zhàn)略目標(biāo)的企業(yè)集團(tuán)治理機(jī)制。關(guān)聯(lián)公司協(xié)作機(jī)制的優(yōu)化，需要從以下幾個方面著手：確定合理規(guī)模，選擇適合的協(xié)作形式；正確認(rèn)識風(fēng)險，采取規(guī)避措施；加強(qiáng)文化整合，培育協(xié)作精神；針對我國實(shí)際，采取相應(yīng)對策。吸收合并的特點(diǎn)是：(1)合并雙方地位不平等，一個公司吸收一個或多個公司，而不是設(shè)立一個新的公司。債券是債權(quán)憑證，債券持有者與債券發(fā)行人之間是債務(wù)關(guān)系，債券持有者只可按其獲取利息及到期收回本金，無權(quán)參與公司的經(jīng)營決策。發(fā)行股票則是為了滿足股份公司創(chuàng)辦企業(yè)和增加資本的需要，籌措的資金列入公司資本。而股票通常是不能償還的，一旦投資入股，股東便不能從股份公司抽回本金，因此，股票是一種無期投資，或稱永久投資。⑤兩者風(fēng)險不同。公司合并的主要動機(jī)是什么？（1）減少競爭對手；（2）發(fā)展協(xié)作和多元化經(jīng)營，迅速打開市場；（3）加速擴(kuò)大公司規(guī)模；（4）在無力經(jīng)營時，與大公司合并，減少風(fēng)險，避免破產(chǎn)。④企業(yè)內(nèi)部的組織管理結(jié)構(gòu)簡單，業(yè)主親自指揮生產(chǎn)、組織營銷，并直接對生產(chǎn)工人和其他雇員實(shí)行監(jiān)督，包括分派工作、指導(dǎo)生產(chǎn)、確定報酬和解雇人員。（2）外延不同所有權(quán)表明的是一種生產(chǎn)資料的所有制關(guān)系，是對財產(chǎn)歸屬做出的權(quán)力規(guī)定，集中體現(xiàn)在財產(chǎn)的歸屬權(quán)上。實(shí)際上產(chǎn)權(quán)是一種以財產(chǎn)所有權(quán)為基礎(chǔ)形成的社會性行為權(quán)利，外延比所有權(quán)寬的多，內(nèi)涵也比所有權(quán)豐富的多。（1）發(fā)起人發(fā)起；（2）制定公司章程；（3）認(rèn)購公司股份；（4）召開創(chuàng)立大會；（5）建立組織機(jī)構(gòu)； （6）申請設(shè)立登記。（2）實(shí)物出資方式。（4）土地使用權(quán)出資方式。公司的有限責(zé)任是指公司應(yīng)以其全部財產(chǎn)承擔(dān)清償債務(wù)的責(zé)任，債權(quán)人也有權(quán)對公司的全部財產(chǎn)提出清償請求。②企業(yè)平均工資水平。股份有限公司章程規(guī)定公司注冊資本為人民幣 2000萬元。 2．《公司法》規(guī)定以募集方式設(shè)立公司的 , 發(fā)起人認(rèn)購的股份不得少于公司股份總數(shù)的35%。不過，公司并沒有給他現(xiàn)款，而只是給他股份和債權(quán)（即公司承認(rèn)欠他的錢）。但是，公司其他債權(quán)人主張，既然公司成立后的業(yè)務(wù)與公司成立前完全一樣，而且張某擁有公司幾乎全部的股份，所以，實(shí)質(zhì)上A公司幾乎就是張某的私人企業(yè)，張某就是公司。試分析：張某要求清償債務(wù)有無依據(jù)？（20分）答題要點(diǎn)：張某作為股東持有公司股份所表現(xiàn)出來的財產(chǎn)，在公司解散時，不能與其他債權(quán)人共同受償，只有在公司財產(chǎn)滿足全部債權(quán)人的債權(quán)以后，才能就剩余部分對公司股東按出資比例進(jìn)行分配；張某又是公司的債權(quán)人，他對公司的債權(quán)屬于他的個人財產(chǎn)，這一部分財產(chǎn)不屬于公司財產(chǎn)的范圍。股權(quán)性質(zhì)為個人股，由袁隆平先生個人持有。這種方法，解決了自然人沒有現(xiàn)金入股企業(yè)的難題。 2．沒有問題。后飲料公司增資擴(kuò)股，乙將其股份轉(zhuǎn)讓給C公司。style. The building is designed with a fivearch verandah on the ground floor with a raised terrace facing the garden, while the facade features an entry portico beneath a colonnaded loggia. It has been turned into a caf233。fashion Four banks jointly funded the construction of this warehouse, so it is named sihang, or four banks. The warehouse, built in 1931, was used for the storage of food, firstaid supplies and ammunition during the years of war. The building, which is also a masterpiece left by the Hungarian architect Laszlo Hudec in the 1930s, has been recently transformed into a center of creative industry workshops. Address: 1 Guangfu Road, Zhabei district9。movies about the city. Dozens of couples visit every day to pose for their prewedding photos on the bridge where Suzhou Creek begins and interconnects with Huangpu River. This is Waibaidu Bridge, or the Garden Bridge. The soontobewed couples pose in splendid attire on the bridge, leaning against the railing or sitting on the wooden floor. Some even risk walking into the middle of the road to get the perfect lights illuminate the bridge throughout the night, making it a picturesque place for prewedding portraits and lovers to meet. Constructed in 1873 and designed by a British pany, the 106meterlong bridge was the firstever major bridge in Shanghai. In 1856, the first large wooden bridge, Wells Bridge, was built over Suzhou Creek but the bridge toll led to plaints from citizens. So 17 years later, another wooden bridge, which did not require tolls, was built. People called it Waibaidu, which means “going across for free”. The bridge was renovated as a steel truss structure in 1907. Because nearly 40 bridges have now been built over Suzhou Creek, the bridge is no longer a traffic artery but is more of an observation deck for tourists. It is a tradition in Shanghai for a grandmother to walk across a bridge with their grandchild when he or she reaches one month. This represents that the newborn has overe all the twists and turns and its journey will be safe and smooth throughout his or her life. Waibaidu Bridge is always the best option because it’s the icon of Shanghai. The picture of my daughter when she was a baby held by her grandmother was also taken here. It’s like a family tradition, says Wang Xuefen, a Shanghai native who has a newborn grandson. Changning Riverside There is a 5km stretch of waterfront by Suzhou Creek in Changning district on Changning Road from the intersection of Hami Road to Jiangsu Road. It has bee a popular place to take a walk and sunbathe on the lawn. There is an overpass at the intersection of Changning Road and Gubei Road for people to enjoy the view of the creek and a 3km plastic runway on both sides of Changning Road, which attracts people of all ages, Chinese and expat. Jogging o