【正文】 控 室。 由上述可知，微機(jī)保護(hù)裝置網(wǎng)絡(luò)化可大大提高保護(hù)性能和可靠性，這是微機(jī)保護(hù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢。其原理是將傳統(tǒng)的集中式母線保護(hù)分散成若干個 (與被保護(hù)母線的回路數(shù)相同 )母線保護(hù)單元，分散裝設(shè)在各回路保護(hù)屏上，各保護(hù)單元用計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)聯(lián)接起來，每個保護(hù)單元只輸入本回路的電流量，將其轉(zhuǎn)換成數(shù)字量后，通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳送給其它所有回路的保護(hù)單元，各保護(hù)單元根據(jù)本回路的電流量和從計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)上獲得的其它所有回路的電流量，進(jìn)行母線差動保護(hù)的計(jì)算，如果計(jì)算結(jié) 果證明是母線內(nèi)部故障則只跳開本回路斷路器，將故障的母線隔離。繼電保護(hù)裝置能夠得到的系統(tǒng)故障信息愈多，則對故障性質(zhì)、故障位置的判斷和故障距離的檢測愈準(zhǔn)確。這就要求每個保護(hù)單元都能共享全系統(tǒng)的運(yùn)行和故障信息的數(shù)據(jù)，各個保護(hù)單元與重合閘裝置在分析這些信息和數(shù)據(jù)的基礎(chǔ)上協(xié)調(diào)動作，確保XX 大學(xué)電信 學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 10 系統(tǒng)的安全穩(wěn)定運(yùn)行。繼電保護(hù)的作用也只限于切除故障元件，縮小事故影響范圍。但對如何更好地滿足電力系統(tǒng)要求，如何進(jìn)一步提高繼電保護(hù)的可靠性，如何取得更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益，尚須進(jìn)行具體深入的研究。這種裝置的優(yōu)點(diǎn)有： (1)具有 486pc 機(jī)的全部功能，能滿足對當(dāng)前和未來微機(jī)保護(hù)的各種功能要求。 在計(jì)算機(jī)保護(hù)發(fā)展初期，曾設(shè)想過用一臺小型計(jì)算機(jī)作成繼電保護(hù)裝置。采用 32 位微機(jī)芯片并非只著眼于精度，因?yàn)榫仁?a/d 轉(zhuǎn)換器分辨率的限制，超過 16 位時在轉(zhuǎn)換速度和成本方面都是難以接受的；更重要的是 32 位微機(jī)芯片具有很高的集成度 ，很高的工作頻率和計(jì)算速度，很大的尋址空間，豐富的指令系統(tǒng)和較多的輸入輸出口。華中理工大學(xué)研制的微機(jī)保護(hù)也是從 8 位 cpu，發(fā)展到以工控機(jī)核心部分為基礎(chǔ)的 32 位微機(jī)保護(hù)?？梢哉f從 90年代開始我國繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)已進(jìn)入了微機(jī)保護(hù)的時代。南京電力自動化研究院研制 的微機(jī)線路保護(hù)裝置也于 1991 年通過鑒定。 我國從 70年代末即已開始了計(jì)算機(jī)繼電 保護(hù)的研究，高等院校和科研院所起著先導(dǎo)的作用。 在此期間，從 70 年代中，基于集成運(yùn)算放大器的集成電路保護(hù)已開始研究。這是機(jī)電式繼電保護(hù)繁榮的時代，為我國繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)的發(fā)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)基礎(chǔ)。 建國后，我國繼電保護(hù)學(xué)科、繼電保護(hù)設(shè)計(jì)、繼電器制造工業(yè)和繼電保護(hù)技術(shù)隊(duì)伍從無到有，在大約 10 年的時間里走過了先進(jìn)國家半個世紀(jì)走過的道路。 On the other hand took the survey quantity, delivers through the work. May to deliver from through the work by the protection device operation control mand this integrated installment, carries out the circuit breaker operation from this the integrated installment. In 1992 the Tianjin University proposed the protection, the control, the survey, the correspondence integration question, and has developed take the tms320c25 digital signal processor (dsp) as a foundation protection, the control, the survey, the data munication integration installment. intellectualizations In recent years, the artificial intelligence technology like nerve work, the geic algorithms, the evolution plan, the fuzzy logic and so on all obtained the application in electrical power system each domain, also started in the relay protection domain application research. The nerve work is one nonlinear mapping method, very many lists the plex nonlinear problem with difficulty which the equation or solves with difficulty, the application nerve work side principle may be easily solved. For example exhibits in the situation in the transmission line two sides systems electric potential angle to occur after the transition resistance shortcircuits is a nonlinear problem, very difficult correctly to make the breakdown position from the protection the distinction, thus creates moves by mistake or resists to move。s , the institutions of higher learning and the scientific research courtyard institute forerunner39。s in are the times which the transistor relay protection vigorous development and widely uses. Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation research 500kv transistor direction high frequency protection the transistor high frequency block system which develops with the Nanjing electric power automation research institute is away from thXX 大學(xué)電信 學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì) (論文 ) 2 e protection, moves on the Gezhou Dam 500 kv line , finished the 500kv line protection to depend upon pletely from the overseas import time. From the 7039。s establishment. The acheng relay factory introduction has digested at that time the overseas advanced relay manufacture technology, has established our country relay manufacturing industry. Thus our country has pleted the relay protection research, the design, the manufacture, the movement and the teaching plete system in the 6039。s, our country engineers and technicians creatively absorption, the digestion, have grasped the overseas advanced relay protection equipment performance and the movement technology , pleted to have the deep relay protection theory attainments and the rich movement experience relay protection technical team, and grew the instruction function to the national relay protection technical team39。s to the 8039。s still were in the dominant position, this was the integrated circuit protection time. The integrated electricity road work frequency conversion quantity direction develops which in this aspect Nanjing electric power automation research institute high frequency protected the vital role , the Tianjin University and the Nanjing electric power automation plant cooperation development integrated circuit phase voltage pensated the type direction high frequency protection also moves in multi strip 220kv and on the 500kv line. Our country namely started the puter relay protection research from the end of the 7039。 32 microputers chips have the very high integration rate more importantly, very high operating frequency and putation speed, very big addressing space, rich mand system and many inputs outlet. The cpu register, the data bus, the address bus all are 32, has the memory management function, the memory protection function and the duty transformation function, and (cache) and the floating number part all integrates the high speed buffer in cpu. The electrical power system the request which protects to the microputer enhances unceasingly, besides protection basic function, but also should have the large capacity breakdown information and the data longterm storage space, the fast data processing function, the formidable traffic c