【正文】 的跨設(shè)備和支持服務(wù)負(fù)載部分拉應(yīng)力，從而提高了部分彎曲，剪切，扭轉(zhuǎn)能力。重要的是要指出，這些值不為上述國家，但是從那里收集樣品的地區(qū)的代表值。生產(chǎn) 操作減少輻射危害的參數(shù)。結(jié)論 在上埃及的的艾斯尤特水泥工廠使用，并與其他國家的結(jié)果相比，原材料和最終產(chǎn)品的天然放射性核素鐳，釷和 40K測定。活動(dòng)或背景的測量時(shí)間為 43 200秒。分辨率 ％，在 662 keV峰的 137Cs 指定。這一步是必要的，以確保氡氣被局限在體積和樣品中的女兒也將保持。每個(gè)樣品重約 1公斤，蒸餾水洗滌和干燥烤箱約 110176。實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù) 。 由于全球水泥作為建筑材料的需求，本研究的目的是： （ 1）評估在艾斯尤特 水泥工廠和在埃及其他地方的工廠使用的原材料和最終產(chǎn)品的天然放射性（鐳，釷和 40K）。 2020年。室內(nèi)升高，可能出現(xiàn)的外部劑量率從高建筑材料放射性核素（ Zikovsky 和肯尼迪，1992 年）的活動(dòng)。從自然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的角度來看，它是必要了解公眾照射劑量限值和測量地面，空氣，水，食品，建筑內(nèi)飾等提供天然環(huán)境輻射水平，估計(jì)人體暴露于自然輻射來源（科委， 1988 年）。波特蘭水泥是最普遍的一種。它 認(rèn)為一個(gè)基本的行業(yè)。生產(chǎn)操作減少輻射危害的參數(shù)。 226Ra 的活度濃度， 232Th 和40K 亞西烏特水泥和其他地方的水泥類型，從不同的埃及工廠已經(jīng)使用γ射線光譜測量。在解決這些復(fù)雜的問題，它也必須遵循當(dāng)?shù)氐某鞘幸?guī)劃與公共設(shè)施，人口密度，建筑高度，綠地比例的住房，建筑線，一般的外觀有關(guān)的法規(guī)鄰里關(guān)系的新特性，依此類推。 “服務(wù)”，包括廚房，衛(wèi)生間，儲藏室，廚房和儲藏室的水廁。 在建筑設(shè)計(jì)中的一個(gè)重要的一點(diǎn)是，房間的布局，應(yīng)提供有關(guān)它們目的，最大可能的便利，在住宅，布局可根據(jù)三類認(rèn)為：“天”，“夜必須注意“和”服務(wù)“。在高度工業(yè)化的國家，許多家庭寧愿住盡量盡可能從一個(gè)大都市區(qū)的中心，“打工仔”，即使行駛一段距離，他們的工作。房屋的基本功能是提供遮風(fēng)擋雨，但今天人們需要更他們的住房，一個(gè)家庭遷入一個(gè)新的居民區(qū)知道，如果現(xiàn)有住房符合其標(biāo)準(zhǔn)安全，健康和 舒適。然而，工業(yè)與民 用建筑中使用的材料，在使用它們的方式不同。s loadbalancing method deserves particular mention in this regard, as it considerably simplified the design process, particularly in continuous structures. These twentiethcentury developments have led to the extensive use of prestressing throughout the world ,and in the United States in particular. Ordinarily, concrete of substantially higher pressive strength is used for prestressed 濰坊學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 7 structures than for those constructed of ordinary reinforced concrete. There are several reasons for this: (1) Highstrength concrete normally has a higher modulus of elasticity. This means a reduction in initial elastic strain under application of prestress force and a reduction in creep strain, which is approximately proportional to elastic strain. This results in a reduction in loss of prestress. (2) In posttensioned construction, high bearing stresses result at the end of beams where the prestressing force is transferred from the tendons to the anchorage fittings, which bear directly against concrete. This problem can be met by increasing the size of the anchorage fitting or by increase the bearing capacity of the concrete by increasing its pressive strength. The latter is usually more economical. Today prestressed concrete is used in building , underground structures, TV towers , floating storage and offshore structures, power stations , nuclear reactor vessels, and numerous types of bridge systems including segmental and cablestayed bridges. They demonstrate the versatility of the prestressing concept and its allenpassing application. The success in the development and construction of all these structures has been due in no small measures to the advances in the technology of materials, particularly prestressing steel, and the accumulated knowledge in estimating the shortand longterm losses in the prestressing forces. 濰坊學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 8 二、譯文 建筑類型和設(shè)計(jì) 大樓與人民息息相關(guān)，因?yàn)樗峁┍匾目臻g，工作和生活中。 Rizzo et al., 2020。 Paredes et al., 1987) result in exposure to cement or its raw materials being necessary reality so we should know the radioactivity for cement and its raw material. There are many types of cements according to the chemical position and hydraulic properties for each one. Portland cement is the most prevalent one. The contents of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K in raw and processed materials can vary considerably depending on their geological source and geochemical characteristics. Thus, the knowledge of radioactivity in these materials is important to estimate the radiological hazards on human health. The radiological impact from the natural radioactivity is due to radiation exposure of the 濰坊學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 3 body by gammarays and irradiation of lung tissues from inhalation of radon and its progeny (Papastefanou et al., 1988). From the natural risk point of view, it is necessary to know the dose limits of public exposure and to measure the natural environmental radiation level provided by ground, air, water, foods, building interiors, etc., to estimate human exposure to natural radiation sources (UNSCEAR, 1988). Low level gammaray spectrometry is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative determinations of gammarayemitting nuclides in the environment (IAEA, 1989). The concentration of radioelements in building materials and its ponents are important in assessing population exposures, as most individuals spend 80% of their time indoors. The average indoor absorbed dose rate in air from terrestrial sources of radioactivity is estimated to be 70 nGy h?1. Indoors elevated external dose rates may arise from high activities of radionuclides in building materials (Zikovsky and Kennedy, 1992). Great attention has been paid to determining radionuclide concentrations in building materials in many countries (Amrani and Tahtat, 2020。C to ensure that moisture is pletely removed, The samples were crushed, homogenized, and sieved through a 200 mesh, which is the optimum size to be enriched in heavy minerals. Weighted samples were placed in a polyethylene beaker, of 350cm3 volume. The beakers were pletely sealed for 4 weeks to reach secular equilibrium where the rate of decay of the radon daughters bees equal to that of the parent. This step is necessary to ensure that radon gas is confined within the volume and the daughters will also remain in the sample. . Instrumentation and calibration 濰坊學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文 4 Activity measurements were performed by gamma ray spectrometry, employing a 3″3″scintillation detector. The hermetically sealed assembly with a NaI(Tl) crystal is coupled to a PCMCA (Canberra Accuspes). Resolution % specified at the 662 keV peak of 137Cs. To reduce