【正文】 ve to seven mil li on peopl e spoke Engl ish. N earl y al l of them l i ved in Engl and. Later i n the next century, peopl e from Engl and m ade voyages to conquer other parts of the worl d and because of that, Engli sh begin to be spoken i n m any other countri es. Today, m ore people speak Engli sh as thei r first, second or a forei gn l anguage than ever before. Nati ve Engl ish speakers can understand each other even i f they don39。t speak the sam e ki nd of Engli sh. Look at thi s ki nd of exam pl e: Briti sh Betty: Woul d you l i ke to see m y fl at? Am eri can Am y: Yes. I’d l ike to e up to your apartm ent. So why has Engli sh changed over ti m e? Actual y al l anguages change and devel op when cul tures m eet and m unicate wi th each other. At fi rst the Engli sh spoken i n Engl and between about AD 450 and 1150 was very di fferent the Engli sh spoken today. It was based m ore on Germ an than the Engl ish we speak at present. Then gradual ly between about AD800 to 150, Engl i sh becam e l es l i ke germ en because those who rul ed Engl and spoke fi rst Dani sh and l ater French. These new settl ers enri ched the Engl ish l anguage and especial l y its vocabul ary. So by the 1600’s Shakespeare was abl e to make use of a wider vocabul ary than ever before. In 1620 som e Bri ti sh settl ers moved to Am eri can. Later i n the 18th century som e Briti sh peopl e were taken to Austral i a too. Engli sh began to be spoken i n both countri es. Fi nal ly by the 19th century the l anguage was setl ed. At that tim e two big changes i n Engli sh spel li ng happened: fi rst Sam uel Johnson wrote hi s di cti onary and l ater N oah Webster wrote The Am eri can Di cti onary of the Engl ish Language. The l atter gave a separate i denti ty to Am eri can Engl ish spel i ng. Engli sh now i s al so spoken as a forei gn or second l anguage i n South Asi a. For exam pl e, Indi a has a very large num ber of fl uent Engl i sh speakers because Bri tain rul ed Indi a from 1765 to 1947.。 it was a wonderful journey of di scovery. The l argest di cti onary i n the worl d i s the O xford Engli sh Di cti onary, or O ED for short. The i dea for thi s di cti onary cam e from an i m portant m eeti ng i n Bri tai n i n 1857. Twentytwo years l ater, O xford Uni versi ty asked Jam es Murray to be the edi tor of i ts new di cti onary. Murray had never been to col ege. At the age of fourteen, he l eft hi s vi l age school i n Scotl and and taught hi msel f whil e worki ng i n a bank. Later he becam e a great teacher. After O xford gave him the job, Murray had a pl ace buil t i n the garden behi nd hi s house to do his work. Part of i t was one m eter underground. In wi nter it fel t li ke a barn, he had to wear a heavy coat and put his feet in a box to keep warm. Every morning, Murray got out of bed at five o’cl ock and worked several hours before breakfast. O ften he woul d work by the candle l i ght i nto the evening. Murray hoped to fi ni sh the new dicti onary i n ten years. But after fi ve years, he was stil l adding words for the l etter A! then others went to work wi th Murray, i ncludi ng his two daughters. H e worked on the dicti onary unti l he was very ol d. Fortyfour years l ater, i n1928, other edi tors fi ni shed i t. It i ncl uded m ore than 15, 000 pages i n twelve books. And you thought your di cti onary was bi g! Uni t 3 JO URNEY DO WN THE M EKO NG PART 1 THE DREAM AND THE PLAN My nam e i s Wang Kun. Ever si nce mi ddl e schol, m y si ster Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taki ng a great bike tri p. Two years ago she bought an expensi ve m ountai n bi ke and then she persuaded m e to buy one. Last year, she vi si ted our cousi ns, Dao Wei and Yu H ang at thei r col ege i n Kunm ing. They are Dai and grew up i n western 1 國電北侖港發(fā)電廠三期 脫硝工程 培訓手冊 北京國電龍源環(huán)保工程有限公司 2020 年 5 月 必修一 Uni t 1 ANNE’S BEST FRIEND Do you want a fri end whom you coul d tel l everythi ng to, l i ke your deepest feeli ngs and thoughts? O r are you afrai d that your fri end woul d l augh at you, or woul d not understand what you are goi ng through? Anne Frank wanted the fi rst ki nd, so she m ade her best fri end. Anne l ived i n Am sterdam i n N etherl ands duri ng Woul d WarⅡ .H er famil y was Jewi sh so they had to hi de or they woul d be caught by the Germ an N azi . She and her fam il y hi d away for nearl y twentyfive months before they were discovered. During that time the onl y true friend was her diary. She said ,”I don’t want to set down a series of facts i n a di ary as most people do ,but I want this diary itsel f to be my friend, and I shal cal my friend Kitty . ”Now read how she fel t after being in the hi di ng pl ace si nce Jul y 1942. Thursday 15th June 1944 Dear Ki tty, I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been abl e to be outdoors for so l ong that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. I can wel l remember that there was a time when a deep bl ue sky, the song of the birds, moonlight and fl owers coul d never have kept me spel bound. That’s changed since I was here. …For exampl e, one eveni ng when i t was so warm, I stayed awake on purpose until hal f past el even i n order to have a good l ook at the m oon by mysel f. But as the moon gave far too much l ight, I didn’t dare open a window. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. I didn’t go downstairs until the window had to be shut. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering cl ouds hel d me entirely in their power。t speak the sam e ki nd of Engli sh. Look at thi s ki nd of exam pl e: Briti sh Betty: Woul d you l i ke to see m y fl at? Am eri can Am y: Yes. I’d l ike to e up to your apartm ent. So why has Engli sh changed over ti m e? Actual y al l anguages change and devel op when cul tures m eet and m unicate wi th each other.