【正文】 i res. These burns cause very severe injuri es and the vi cti m must go to hospi tal at once. Characteri sti cs of burns First degree burns ●dry, red and mil dl y swol en ● mil dl y painful ● turn white when pressed Second degree burns ● rough, red and swol en ● blisters ● watery surface ● extrem ely painful Third degree burns ● bl ack and white and charred ● swol en。 m ay be pai n around edge of injured are. Fi rst ai d treatm ent Rem ove clothi ng usi ng sci ssors i f necessary unl ess it i s stuck to the burn. Take off other cl othi ng and jewel ry near the burn. Cool burns im medi atel y wi th cool but not i cy water. It is best to pl ace burns under gentl y runni ng water for about 10 m inutes. (The col water stops the burni ng proces, prevents the pai n be i ng unbearable and reduces swel li ng. ) Do not put col d water on thi rd degree burns. For fi rst degree burns, pl ace cool, cl ean, wet cl oths on them until the pai n i s not so bad. For second degre burns, keep cl oths cool by putti ng them back in a basi n of col d water, squezi ng them out and pl aci ng them on the burned area over and over agai n for about an hour until the pai n i s not so bad. Dry the burned area gentl y. Do not rub, as this m ay break any bli sters and 。 m ay be pai n around edge of injured are. Fi rst ai d treatm ent Rem ove clothi ng usi ng sci ssors i f necessary unl ess it i s stuck to the burn. Take off other cl othi ng and jewel ry near the burn. Cool burns im medi atel y wi th cool but not i cy water. It is best to pl ace burns under gentl y runni ng water for about 10 m inutes. (The col water stops the burni ng proces, prevents the pai n be i ng unbearable and reduces swel li ng. ) Do not put col d water on thi rd degree burns. For fi rst degree burns, pl ace cool, cl ean, wet cl oths on them until the pai n i s not so bad. For second degre burns, keep cl oths cool by putti ng them back in a basi n of col d water, squezi ng them out and pl aci ng them on the burned area over and over agai n for about an hour until the pai n i s not so bad. Dry the burned area gentl y. Do not rub, as this m ay break any bli sters and the wound m ay get infected. Cover the burned area wi th a dry, cl ean bandage that wil l not sti ck to the ski n. H old the bandage i n pl ace wi th tape. N ever put butter, oi l or oi ntment on burns as they keep the heat in the wounds and m ay cause i nfecti on. If burns are on arm s or l egs, keep them hi gher than the heart, i f possi bl e. If burns are on the face, the vi ctim shoul d sit up. If the injuri es are second or third degree burns, it i s vi tal to get the vi cti m to the doctor or hospi tal at once. H EROIC TEENAGER RECEIVES AWARD Seventeenyearol d teenager, John Janson, was honored at the Li fesaver Awards l ast ni ght in Ri vertown for gi vi ng l i fesavi ng fi rst ai d on his nei ghbor after a shocki ng knife attack. John was presented wi th hi s award at a cerem ony whi ch recogni zed the bravery of ten people who had saved the l i fe of another. John was studying i n hi s room when he heard screami ng. When he and hi s father rushed outsi de, a m an ran from the scene. They di scovered that Anne Sl ade, m other of three, had been stabbed repeatedl y wi th a kni fe. She was l yi ng i n her front garden bl edi ng very heavil y. Her hands had al most been cut off. It was John’s qui ck action and knowl edge of fi rst ai d that saved Ms Sl ade’s li fe. H e imm edi atel y asked a num ber of nearby peopl e for bandages, but when nobody coul d put thei r hands on any, hi s father got som e tea towels and tape from thei r house. John used these to treat the most severe i njuri es to Ms Sl ade’s hands. H e sl owed the bl eedi ng by appl yi ng pressure to the wounds until the pol i ce and am bulance arrived. “I’m proud of what I di d but I was just doi ng what I’d been taught, ” John sai d. John had taken parti ng in the Young Lifesaver Schem e at hi s hi gh school. When congratul ati ng John, Mr Al an Southerton, Di rector of the Young Li fesaver Schem e sai d, “There i s no doubt that John’s qui ck thi nki ng and the fi rst ai d skil ls he l earned at school saved Ms Sl ade’s l ife. It shows that a knowl edge of first ai d can m ake a real di fference.” Before receivi ng thei r awards l ast ni ght, John and the ni ne other Li fe Savers attended a speci al reception yesterday hosted by the Prim e Mi nister. 選修六 Uni t 1 A SH O RT H ISTO RY O F WESTERN PAIN TIN G Art i s infl uenced by the customs and fai th of a peopl e. Styl es i n Western art have changed m any tim es. As there are so m any different styl es of Western art, it woul d be im possi bl e to descri be al l of them i n such a short text. Consequentl y, thi s text wi l describe onl y the m ost i m portant ones, starti ng from the si xth century AD. The Mi ddl e Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) Duri ng the Mi ddl e Ages, the m ai n ai m of painters was to represent rel igi ous them es. A conventi onal arti st of thi s peri od was not i nterested i n showing nature and peopl e as they real l y were. A typical picture at this tim e was ful l of reli gi ous sym bol s, whi ch created a feeli ng of respect and l ove for God. But i t was evi dent that i deas were changi ng i n the 13th century when pai nters l i ke Giotto di Bondone began to paint reli gi ous scenes i n a m ore real istic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) Duri ng the Renai ssance, new i deas and val ues gradual y replaced those hel d i n the Mi ddl e Ages. Peopl e began to concentrate l ess on rel igi ous them es and adopt a m ore hum ani sti c attitude to l i fe. At the sam e tim e pai nters returned to cl assi cal Rom an and Greek i deas about art. They tried to pai nt peopl e and nature as they real y were. Ri ch peopl e wanted to possess thei r own pai nti ngs.