【正文】 eor y a c hi ev e me nt .” (El ai ne, 19 85 : 8) E mil y Bronte?s s tyle a nd tho ught s al rea d y bel o nge d to the e arl y Fe mi nis t Cr i ticis m. “It is no t e as y to i de nti fy the ori gi n o f fe mi ni s m… … In E uro pe the fe mi nis t tr adi ti o n c a n be tr ace d b ac k a t lea s t to the fo ur tee n ce ntur y. … … F e mi nis m is mo s tl y fo und i n the E nglis h s pea ki ng c o untri es. T he fir s t c o nspic uo us w o me n w ri ters app ear ed i n the Ei ghte e nth c e ntur y E ngl a nd w he n i nd us tria l re vol utio n i ncre ase d the numb e r o f w ell ed uc a te d mid dle cl ass w o me n a nd gr ea tl y facili ta ted their p ub lica ti o n. Wri te rs for the firs t ti me s hi fted fro m the pa tro na ge o f the co ur t to the ge neral r eadi ng p ub lic , a nd w ri ti ng b eca me lar gel y a co mme r cial ac ti vi ty. T he ni ne te e nth ce ntur y bro ught a bo ut ma j or c ha nge s to fe mi nis t mo ve me nt, w o me n fo r the fi rs t ti me unmi s ta ka bl y cl ai med fo r the na tur al ? Ri ghts o f Wo me n.? In thi s co nte xt w o me n?s lib era ti o n mo ve me nt to o k a de fi ni te s ha pe a nd ma d e maj or pr o gress i n w o me n?s s uffra ge a nd pro per ty ri ghts .”(朱剛 , 2 00 1: 2 28 ) “T his w as als o a gol de n a ge for li terar y w o me n: A us ti n, Br o ntes, Elio t a nd Dic ki ns o n, to na me o nl y a few. Wo me n w er e s till the s ubje c ts o f unfai r tr ea tme nt, b ut there w as a n i ncre asi ngl y l o uder v oic e for so cial j us tic e for w o me n. ” (朱剛 , 2 00 1: 2 29) Al tho ugh i t?s a pi ty tha t E mil y Br o nte ha d use d a her o i ns te ad o f heroi ne to e xpre ss he r r ese nt a nd r ebel , s he had s how e d he r fe mi ni ne co nsc io us ness s ucc ess full y thr o ugh the me tap ho rs o f the mo or. “Fe mi nis t C ri ticis m re q ues ts o ne ki nd o f fe mi ni ne a ngl e o f v iew to c arr y o n b ra nd new und ers ta ndi ng to the li terar y w o r k, a nd c ri tici ze the tw is ted fe mal e fi gur es w hi c h are co nc oc te d b y the ma sc uli ne li tera ture .”(朱立元 , 2 00 5:3 42 ) E mil y Bro nte was a pp eali ng for r e tur ni ng to huma n na tur e . Hea th cli ff w as the mo or, w a s the re pre se nta ti ve o f fr eed o m o f w o me n. N o t o nl y the p hysic al b ut the me tal fre ed o m s he lo o ke d for. S he ye ar ned for the fre ed o m o f eq ual ri ghts a nd huma n r i ghts a nd rele asi ng fo r m co ns tr ai n, p rej udic e a nd di scri mi na ti o n. S he s o ught fo r the me tal free do m to the lev el o f e q uali ty o f the se xe s w i th mutua l und e rs ta ndi ng. S he d es crib ed Hea th cli ff?s l ov e a nd re ve nge a s vio le nt s tor m c o mi ng fr o m the mo or 。 the y had go t the si mil ar te mp era me nts , the y had be e n mol de d ne arl y i nto the d evi l. R e ve nge w hic h w a s for mid abl e a nd i rresi s tibl e li ke the w il d w i nd o n the mo or , this is e xa c tl y the spe cial na tur e o f w o me n39。 w e w er e o ne a nd i nd i v i sibl e.?” ( Ma r ie , 2 0 0 1 : 8 3 ) In o rd er to und ers ta nd E mil y Bronte?s c o mpli ca te d a nd pr o fo und e mo ti o n, there is the his toric al bac kgr o und o f tha t p erio d. “T he Vi c toria n A ge w as a ti me o f gre a t ec o no mic , s oci al, a nd p oli tic al c ha nge . T he Bri ti s h E mp ire ha d r ea c he d i ts hei ght a nd e xte nde d thr o ugho ut o ne q uar ter o f the w orld . T he b e gi nni ng o f the Ind us tri al Re vo l uti o n, i t w a s a ti me o f grea t p ros per i ty fo r s o me , b ut abj ec t p ov er ty for fac tor y a nd far m w o r ke rs. Ma ny Vic toria n 7 w ri ters de al t w i th the c o ntras t b e tw e e n the pro spe ri ty o f the mi d dl e a nd up per cl ass es a nd the w r e tc hed c o ndi ti o n o f the p oo r.”( Lynd a Ri c h, 19 96: 3) “Emily Bronte?s s e tti ng w a s a ll a bo ut r ural li fe . R ur al li fe w a s go ver ned b y a s tri c t s oci e tal hier arc hy. A t the to p w ere the Lo rd s, the aris tocr ac y, w i th i ts he red i tar y or mo na r c h gr a nted ti tle s, l ar ge e s ta te s, p oli tic al d o mi na nce a nd p a tr o na ge s ys te m. N e xt ca me the gentry?s clas s, no n ti tl ed nobili ty la nd ow ners , w ho co ns ti tute d lo cal lea der s hi p. Ne xt w er e the ge ntl e me n far me rs, ma ny o f w ho m w ere pr os per o us e no ugh to ma i ntai n a li fes tyle .” ( Lynd a Ri c h, 19 96: 6) I nd ee d, cla ss d is ti nc tio ns a pp ear ed i n Wut heri ng Hei ght s , a nd Mr. Ear ns haw, fa the r o f Ca theri ne , w as no t o nl y a r epr ese nta ti ve ge ntle ma n fa r mer b ut als o a re pres e nta tiv e o f p a triar c hy. Und e r p a triar c hy, w i th i ts a utho ri ta tive ed uc a tio n o f i de as , mor al pri n ci ple s a nd values and people?s vanities for the standard of wealth and social s ta tus, w o me n hav e l os t thei r i de nti ty. Und er pa triarc hy, i n the Vi c toria n ti me , r es pec tabl e w o me n b y this ti me w er e w i del y r e ga rde d as a ngel s i n the ho use . T he id eal Vic to ria n w o ma n w as o f a mo ral s ta ture far a bo ve the Vi c tori a n ma n, o n a pr ov erbi al mo r al p ede s tal tha t s he had no i nc li na tio n o f how to a da p t to s uc cess full y. T he 39。s tho ughts a nd fe eli ngs , thus s ubli ma te the thi ng w hi c h the a utho r w a nts to s ymb o li ze. “T he li nks b e tw ee n me tap hor a nd tho ught ha ve bee n ti ghte ne d, i n the pr op osal tha t the c o nc ep tual s ys te m is no t o nl y i nv olve d i n the pr oce ssi ng o f me tap hor, b ut tha t tho ught is i ts el f s tr uc ture d me tap hori call y, a nd tha t the s ys