外文翻譯--挑戰(zhàn)的國際合作,以擴(kuò)大航空和航運(yùn)(文件)
【正文】 nal Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) have set similar goals. Complementary measures to trading and standard setting include cooperation on technology, sharing best practice in ground operations, and realising the potential to 2 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯 reduce emissions through enhanced air traffic management improvements. Extending the coverage of carbon pricing to international shipping has been slow, but is likely to increase in momentum. Discussions on tacking the climate change impact of the international maritime industry are at a very early stage. The International Maritime Organisation (IMO) Assembly in December 2020 urged its Maritime Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC) to identify and develop the mechanism or mechanisms that can achieve the limitation or reduction of GHG emissions from international shipping, and asked for the evaluation of technical, operational and marketbased solutions to limiting the GHG output of maritime transport. The UK, under the lead of the domestic Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA), has been pushing the IMO to consider a full range of technical, methodological and marketbased options for controlling maritime transport’s emissions of GHGs, particularly CO2. Discussions are continuing on the feasibility of the EU incorporating this sector into the EU ETS as a demonstration not only of the seriousness with which the EU views this issue but also of the effectiveness of emissions trading as a control measure. Interactions with the international trade regime The international trade regime offers one route to handle large disparities in levels of carbon pricing between major economies. Some economists have analysed the potential to use the international trade regime to respond to significant differences in the level of carbon prices applied in different economies. Countries could in theory impose a border tax on imports from countries with lower carbon prices – to correct for the under pricing of carbon in the country of origin. This could overe carbon leakage or petitiveness concerns by reducing the incentive for domestic production to relocate abroad, and could increase the incentives for other countries to adopt similar measures to reduce GHG emissions. There is a clear logic here. There has been a longstanding debate about whether border tax adjustments in response to carbon price differentials would be legal under World Trade Organisation (WTO) rules. Since the early 1980s, several cases have been brought to the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs (GATT) and the WTO that have implications for 3 濟(jì)南大學(xué)畢業(yè)論文外文資料翻譯 environmental measures or human healthrelated measures. In particular, the 1998 ruling on the ‘shrimpturtle’ case can be used
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