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owfaaa高考英語短文改錯(cuò)常見錯(cuò)誤類型-wenkub

2022-09-16 14:22:49 本頁面
 

【正文】 語中兩個(gè)分句之間不能僅僅用逗號(hào),而要用合適的連詞連接。發(fā)現(xiàn)有平行結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有用詞不一致或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平衡錯(cuò)誤。復(fù)讀短文,檢查答案,注意行文邏輯關(guān)系的正確合理。先找出比較明顯的錯(cuò)誤,逐步縮小 錯(cuò)誤的范圍。快速閱讀短文,了解短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的錯(cuò)誤,切忌拿到短文提筆就改。The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .根據(jù)上下文分析,此處English teacher 是有所指的,指的是“我的”英語教師,故應(yīng)English teacher 前加上my ,表達(dá)一個(gè)更確切的概念。I’ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意為“整個(gè)周末”,再加上all ,詞義重復(fù)。此 例屬于used to do 與be used to兩個(gè)固定搭配的誤用,據(jù)句意應(yīng)去was。②多介詞。短文改錯(cuò)題常見的錯(cuò)誤類型剖析多詞①多冠詞。在短文改錯(cuò)中常出現(xiàn)repeat back,serve for等錯(cuò)誤。平行結(jié)構(gòu)有詞之間的平行、詞組之間的平行、句子或從句之間的平行、段落之間的平行。關(guān)聯(lián)詞語的誤用除涉及到其基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還涉及至行文邏輯關(guān)系。形容詞一般在句中作定語修飾名詞或代詞,作表語說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征;而副詞的作用較復(fù)雜,常常修飾形容詞 、副詞 、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞或全句。多數(shù)動(dòng)詞有時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)、和語氣變化形式,還有上下文的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng),主從句的時(shí)態(tài)一致。代詞的指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。短文改錯(cuò)題常見的錯(cuò)誤類型冠詞的多用、少用、混用。 (1)(2004江蘇卷)My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and (從句意可知,此處表并列關(guān)系,應(yīng)用and) (2)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅳ)My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and (并列關(guān)系,“于是、同時(shí)、然后”等意思) (3)(2004全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet (連接的詞性應(yīng)一致) 9. 易混淆的詞或詞組 易混淆的詞既包括詞意相同或相近的同義詞、近義詞,也包括外形相似、意義有別的詞組。 (1)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅲ)I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the (根據(jù)句義是特指這個(gè)周末) (2)(2004江蘇卷)When I was ∧boy, ... 76. ∧a (我是一個(gè)男孩,應(yīng)用不定冠詞 a.) (3)(2004 遼寧卷)This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an (English開頭字母是元音,應(yīng)該用an) (4)(2004重慶卷)I started writing down words from ∧ books that I read. 82. ∧the (名詞后由從句修飾時(shí),應(yīng)使用定冠詞) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I hope you’ve had∧pleasant journey home and will e to China 83. ∧a 7. 代詞 代詞不僅要與其所指代對(duì)象一致,其運(yùn)用還要符合上下文的語氣及邏輯關(guān)系。 (1)(2004 全國(guó)卷)I won’t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as (復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)) (2)(2004 全國(guó)卷Ⅱ) I don’t know that they don’t like to talk with me. 81. why (復(fù)合句中連接主句和從句的關(guān)系詞運(yùn)用不當(dāng)) (3)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use. 78. work (缺謂語動(dòng)詞) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like. 79. allows (主語是動(dòng)名詞短語Earning their own money,謂語應(yīng)該用單數(shù)) (5)(2005江蘇卷)But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84. was (主語是第三人稱單數(shù)) 4. 贅述 高考英語改錯(cuò)題中的贅述是指在一些固定表達(dá)中或從上下文邏輯來看用了多余的詞,從而使句子表達(dá)不合規(guī)范或造成邏輯上的重復(fù)。時(shí)態(tài)的更改要以上下文的主體時(shí)態(tài)為依據(jù)。常見錯(cuò)誤類型 高考英語改錯(cuò)題是考生感到棘手的題型之一。 (1)(2003全國(guó)卷)She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was... 84. read (and連接并列謂語) (2)(2004江蘇卷)At once I apologize and controlled myself... 83. apologized (and連接并列謂語) (3)(2004全國(guó)卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,... 82. talk (根據(jù)sometimes可判斷此句為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅱ)I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85. took (把照片寄給你,應(yīng)該是已經(jīng)拍好的,用過去時(shí)) (5)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school. One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is (從上下文判斷,應(yīng)該是現(xiàn)在時(shí),謂語用is) (6)(2005江蘇卷)We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept (and連接并列謂語) 2. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù) 單復(fù)數(shù)互改是高考英語改錯(cuò)題的基本題型之一,改動(dòng)的依據(jù)有:一是根據(jù)名詞前的修飾限定成份;二是根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系。 (1)(2003全國(guó)卷80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day. 80. should (并列謂語,should多余) (2)(2004 全國(guó)卷)Can you tell me about what I should do? 85. about (tell sb about/of sth或tell sb接從句) (3)(2004重慶卷)I had to look up to the same word many times, ... 78. to (look up a word查字典) (4)(2005全國(guó)卷Ⅰ)Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to (情態(tài)動(dòng)詞may后接動(dòng)詞原形) (5)(2005江蘇卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for (but是連詞for是介詞,不能并列) 5. 固定結(jié)構(gòu)(固定句型、固定短語、固定搭配) 所謂固定結(jié)構(gòu)是指英語中一些不能隨意更改的習(xí)慣表達(dá)。 (1)(2004 浙江卷)And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own ... 78. their (指代對(duì)象應(yīng)一致) (2)(2004湖北卷)You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them (pupils 是復(fù)數(shù),后應(yīng)該用替代復(fù)數(shù)名詞的代詞。易混淆詞或詞組的辨析也是高考改錯(cuò)題中不容忽視的部分。名詞 的數(shù)與格的誤用。代詞的指代一致性包括人稱、數(shù)、格和性四方面的統(tǒng)一。非謂語動(dòng)詞的誤用。形容詞和副詞比較等級(jí)的誤用現(xiàn)象:①省略不當(dāng);②自身比較;③修飾語的誤用;④than連接的兩個(gè)比較對(duì)象不一致或不平行。短文改錯(cuò)題慣用的命題手法是:①and,but,or,so等之間的混用;②because與so并用;③although與but并用;④why 與because并用;⑤e與go混用;⑥here與there混用。在平行結(jié)構(gòu)中常用的并列連詞 有and,but,or,than等。這類錯(cuò)誤大多由于學(xué)生受漢語表達(dá)習(xí)慣的影響,或?qū)τ⒄Z詞義的理解不夠準(zhǔn)確造成的。I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd。We practice for three times every week。即“過去常?!敝狻9嗜ll.⑥出現(xiàn)冗言現(xiàn)象。②缺動(dòng)詞不定式符號(hào)to. I’d like very much e but I have an examination on Monday morning .would like 后面不能直接加動(dòng)詞,需to,構(gòu)成固定搭配would like to do something,意為“想做某事”。依據(jù)句意和語法逐句判斷。十行之中有一行是正確的。嚴(yán)格按照試題要求答題,萬萬不能隨心所欲解題。如:She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived .此句中并列的平行結(jié)構(gòu)是兩個(gè)語法上相同的謂語,故應(yīng)把drank改drinking.發(fā)現(xiàn)有比較結(jié)構(gòu),就要檢查是否有形容詞、副詞的比較級(jí),比較的對(duì)象等方面的錯(cuò)誤。故以上兩個(gè)分句之間要加上連詞while 表示對(duì)比?;卮饡r(shí)常用high price low price .所以應(yīng)把句子中的How many 改為What ,把答句中cheap 改為low.發(fā)現(xiàn)有名詞和代詞時(shí),就要檢查是否有數(shù)、所有格或指代不一致的錯(cuò)誤。如:Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit .but also 后面的分句的主語也是playing football,其謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)當(dāng)用單數(shù),故give應(yīng)改為gives .發(fā)現(xiàn)有特殊動(dòng)詞結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),就要檢查其特殊用法是否正確。 notice。make 。如:Anyone may borrow books ,and it cost nothing to borrow them (costcosts) 如:Books may be keep for two weeks (keep kept )如果該動(dòng)詞不作謂語,可試著改成非謂語動(dòng)詞形式。句法:各類從句的連接;主謂一致;省略與替代;否定句型;強(qiáng)調(diào)句型;句子結(jié)構(gòu)的連貫性、完整性等。非謂語動(dòng)詞誤用。本句話意思為“看起來我的父母親把我當(dāng)成了visitor或gust 了。We may be one family and live under a same roof .same 意為“同樣的”,前面應(yīng)加定冠詞the ,而不是a。我們認(rèn)為,經(jīng)過合理的指導(dǎo)和科學(xué)的訓(xùn)練,學(xué)生們完全可以熟悉其核心的命題思路和解題技巧,從而取得理想的成績(jī)。我們希望考生能夠參考我們所總結(jié)的常見錯(cuò)誤類型,在練習(xí)改錯(cuò)題的時(shí)候?qū)W會(huì)對(duì)應(yīng)和歸納,這樣才能夠提高對(duì)錯(cuò)誤的嗅覺力和敏感度。主體時(shí)態(tài)是現(xiàn)在時(shí)。因此,第7)小題雖然沒有任何語法錯(cuò)誤,但其邏輯和全文的整體邏輯恰好背道而馳?! 〉?)小題,There are advantage for students to work while中,系動(dòng)詞are和主語advantage的單復(fù)數(shù)一致性出現(xiàn)了問題,但此時(shí)還不能貿(mào)然判斷究竟是哪一個(gè)出現(xiàn)了問題。經(jīng)判斷,將其改為their。  2. in改為on?! ?. Which改為It?! ?. 此行無錯(cuò)。此處用who引導(dǎo)定語從句。  10. 刪去it?! ?. about后加it。主謂一致錯(cuò)誤?! ?. 刪去because后面的of?! ?. listen前為to。主語time為不可數(shù)名詞, 謂語應(yīng)用單數(shù)形式。Exercise 4  Life on earth depends the sun. Day after 1. _____
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