生物技術(shù)轉(zhuǎn)基因食品安全geneticallymodifiedfoodsafetyissues英文論文-wenkub
2022-10-27 12:56:48 本頁(yè)面
【正文】 ished the first report on the issue of safety assessment of these new varieties (IFBC, 1990). The parative approach described in this report has laid the basis for later safety evaluation strategies. Other 4 anizations, such as the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) have developed further guidelines for safety assessment which have obtained broad international consensus among experts on food safety evaluation. At 1993. the OECD formulated the concept of substantial equivalence as a guiding tool for the assessment of geically modified foods, which has been further elaborated in the following years (OECD, 1993。 OECD, 1996。 or (iii) not equivalent at all. A positional analysis of key ponents, including key nutrients and natural toxicants, is the basis of assessment of substantial equivalence, in addition to phenotypic and agronomic characteristics of the geically modified plant. In the first scenario, no further specific testing is required as the product has been characterized as substantially equivalent to a traditional counterpart whose consumption is considered to be safe, for example, starch from potato. In the second scenario, substantial equivalence would apply except for the inserted trait, and so the focus of the safety testing is on this trait, for example, an insecticidal protein of geically modified tomato. Safety tests include specific toxicity testing according to the nature and function of the newly expressed protein。 and the 5 role of the new food in the diet . In the third scenario, the novel crop or food would be not substantially equivalent with a traditional counterpart, and a casebycase assessment of the new food must be carried out according to the characteristics of the new product. FAO（ short for Food and Agriculture Organization） and WHO(World Health Organization) have been anizing workshops and consultations on the safety of GMOs since 1990. At the Joint FAO/WHO Consultation in 1996 (FAO/WHO, 1996) it was remended that the safety evaluation should be based on the concept of substantial equivalence, which is ‘a(chǎn) dynamic, analytical exercise in the assessment of the safety of a new food relative to an existing food’. The following parameters should be considered to determine the substantial equivalence of a geically modified plant: molecular characterization。 and allergens. The distinction between three levels of substantial equivalence (plete, partial, non) of the novel food to its counterpart, and the subsequent decisions for further testing based upon substantial equivalence, are similar to those defined by OECD (1996). The Codex Alimentarius Commission of FAO/WHO is mitted to the international harmonization of food standards. Food standards developed by Codex Alimentarius should be adopted
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