基礎(chǔ)防雷外文資料翻譯-wenkub
2023-05-19 12:35:18 本頁面
【正文】 月 日 注： 請將該封面與附件裝訂成冊。 附件 1：外文資料翻 譯譯文 基礎(chǔ)防雷 簡介 閃電是一個(gè)反復(fù)無常，隨機(jī)和不可預(yù)測的事件。這些數(shù)據(jù)還不包括商業(yè)，政府和工業(yè)雷電造成的損失。 2。當(dāng)帶有異種電荷的雷云相遇，相當(dāng)于電路“開關(guān)”被關(guān)閉，于是有電流流過。間接影響是，多數(shù)時(shí)候?qū)﹄娙?，電感出現(xiàn)電磁影響。避雷針，是現(xiàn)在最常用的防雷裝置，根據(jù)建筑物不同的地點(diǎn)，高度和形狀，使用合適類型的避雷針來達(dá)到設(shè)計(jì)要求。在等效電力場所，鈍尖桿被看作是一種有效的避雷針類型。 引下線連接 引下線應(yīng)通過一個(gè)安全的方式安裝，在已知電路外面敷設(shè)。所有金屬導(dǎo)體應(yīng)進(jìn)入連接，如燃?xì)饧八艿?，信號線，空調(diào)管道，鐵路軌道，橋式起重機(jī)等應(yīng)被接地系統(tǒng)。一個(gè)閃 電的脈沖光譜研究揭示閃電既有高頻率也有低頻率的內(nèi)容。 單點(diǎn)接地系統(tǒng)是將所有內(nèi)部設(shè)備連接到一根主母線在連接到外部接地系統(tǒng)。 瞬變和浪涌 普通熔斷器和斷路器并沒有與閃電感應(yīng)瞬變的能力。此外，還可以保護(hù)傳入和傳出的數(shù)據(jù)和信號線。 檢測 閃電探測儀，在不同的成本和技術(shù)條件下，有時(shí)是可以起到雷電早期預(yù)警的作用的。在出現(xiàn)雷暴的時(shí)候，在室內(nèi)或汽車?yán)锏臅r(shí)候，應(yīng)避免接觸水和其他一些的金屬物件 。 綜述 需要申明的重要的一點(diǎn)，上述所有的內(nèi)容都是通過安全防雷的角度分析的。 參考文獻(xiàn) 1。 3。 5?？夏岬虾教熘行模糜谶B接和接地，工程開發(fā)局，約翰肯尼迪航天中心，美國航天局， 1991 年標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。 8。 10。 physical characteristics include current levels sometimes in excess of 400 kA, temperatures to 50,000 degrees F., and speeds approaching one third the speed of light. Globally, some 2020 ongoing thunderstorms cause about 100 lightning strikes to earth each second. USA insurance pany information shows one homeowner39。s foot radial techniques can lower impedance as they allow lightning energy to diverge as each buried conductor shares voltage gradients. Ground rings around structures are useful. They should be connected to the facility ground. Exothermic (welded) connectors are remended in all circumstances. Cathodic reactance should be considered during the site analysis phase. Manmade earth additives and backfills are useful in difficult soils circumstances: they should be considered on a casebycase basis where lowering grounding impedances are difficult an/or expensive by traditional means. Regular physical inspections and testing should be a part of an established preventive maintenance program. Transients and Surges Ordinary fuses and circuit breakers are not capable of dealing with lightninginduced transients. Lightning protection equipment may shunt current, block energy from traveling down the wire, filter certain frequencies, clamp voltage levels, or perform a bination of these tasks. Voltage clamping devices capable of handling extremely high amperages of the surge, as well as reducing the extremely fast rising edge (dv/dt and di/dt) of the transient are remended. Adopting a fortress defense against surges is prudent: protect the main panel (AC power) entry。s products have been tested to rigid ANSI/IEEE/ISO9000 test standards. Avoid lowpriced, bargain products which proliferate the market (caveat emptor). Detection Lightning detectors, available at differing costs and technologies, sometimes are useful to provide early warning. An interesting application is when they are used to disconnect from AC line power and to engage standby power, b
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