【正文】 哈爾濱石油學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 1 摘 要 中國(guó)陸上已開發(fā)油田的地質(zhì)儲(chǔ)量中特低滲透油藏儲(chǔ)量約占 10%，已探明未動(dòng)用儲(chǔ)量中有一半以上是特低滲透儲(chǔ)量，這就迫切需要對(duì)特低滲透油藏進(jìn)行有效的開采，滿足國(guó)內(nèi)對(duì)石油的需求。同時(shí)近幾年來(lái)，油價(jià)的不斷攀升，也為特低滲透油藏的開發(fā)創(chuàng)造了經(jīng)濟(jì)上的可行性。 本文是在調(diào)研國(guó)內(nèi)外特低滲透油藏開發(fā)技術(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上，分析了井距與井網(wǎng)密度的關(guān)系以及技術(shù)井距、經(jīng)濟(jì)井距的計(jì)算方法，從低滲透油藏注水開發(fā)效果的幾項(xiàng)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)；并對(duì)直線排狀、五點(diǎn)法、反九點(diǎn)、反方七點(diǎn)、反七點(diǎn)五種注采井網(wǎng)進(jìn)行了數(shù)值模擬研究，通過(guò)采收率和含水率的變化 情況，確定了適合特低滲透油藏的井網(wǎng)形式；在對(duì)合理井距和注采井網(wǎng)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)特低滲透油藏注水開發(fā)的開采特征、存在的問(wèn)題和影響因素做了闡述和分析，并利用數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)超前注水、周期注水兩種開發(fā)方法進(jìn)行了研究，分析了其影響參數(shù)；同時(shí)采用數(shù)值模擬方法對(duì)氮?dú)怛?qū)和二氧化碳?xì)怛?qū)開發(fā)方式進(jìn)行研究，考慮的影響因素有注氣時(shí)機(jī)、注入速度、注入方式、氣水比、段塞大小等。最后通過(guò)對(duì)注水注氣開發(fā)方式的綜合比較，總結(jié)分析了適合特低滲透油藏的有效動(dòng)用方式。 關(guān)鍵詞： 低滲透；合理井距；注水 ；注氣；數(shù)值模擬 哈爾濱石油學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 2 Abstract The ultralow permeability accounts for 10% of the geological reserves of developed oil fild,and occupy half of the proven but untapped reserve on urgent needs to carry on effective exploitation to the ultralow permeability reservoir,satisfies the oil demand of the same time, the rising oil price in recent years creates the economic feasibility for ultralow permeability reservoir development. This paper researches ultralow permeability reservoir development technologies both at home and the well spacing and the well pattern density relations, as well as technical well spacing and economical well spacing putational method,thus the analysis method of rational well spacing through the technical well spacing and the economical well spacing putation has through numerical simulation researching for row well pattern,fivespot pattern,reverse ninespot pattern,skewed fourspot injection pattern and reverse sevenspot patten,determining the wellpattern type that suits the ultralow permeability by the watercut and recovery on the research of rational well spacing and wellpattern, elaborating the waterflooding recovery feature,existing problems and influence factors,studing on advanced and cyclic water injection by using numerical simulation method and analysing it’s influencing ,by using numerical simulation method,studying the carbon dioxide flooding and nitrogen flooding,the consideration influencing factor includes gas injection occasion,injection rate,injection mode,gaswater ratio,slug size and so ,through the prehensive parison to the water fooding and gas flooding, summarizing and analyzing the effective development fashion that suits the ultralow permeability reservoir. Keywords: Ultralow permeability； Rational well spacing ； Waterflooding, Gasflooding； Numerical simulation 哈爾濱石油學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文） 3 目 錄 摘 要 .............................................................................................................................. 1 第 1 章 緒論 .................................................................................................................. 5 研究目的和意義 ............................................................................................. 5 國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀 ............................................................................................. 5 特低滲透油藏合理井距研究現(xiàn)狀 ...................................................... 5 特低滲透油藏有效動(dòng)用方式研究現(xiàn)狀 .............................................. 7 第 2 章 特低滲透油藏井距研究 .................................................................................. 8 井距與井網(wǎng)密度的關(guān)系 ................................................................................. 8 技術(shù)井距 ......................................................................................................... 9 技術(shù)井距的分類 .................................................................................. 9 特低滲透油藏井距研究 ...................................................................... 9 技術(shù)井距的確定 .................................................................................. 9 經(jīng)濟(jì)井距 ....................................................................................................... 12 合理井距的確定 ........................................................................................... 15 第 3 章 特 低滲透油藏注采井網(wǎng)研究 ........................................................................ 17 面積注水井網(wǎng)合理布置的方法和依據(jù) ....................................................... 17 第 4 章 特低滲透油藏注水開發(fā)方式研究 ................................................................ 20 特低滲透油藏注水開采特征 ....................................................................... 20 特低滲透油藏滲流環(huán)境特征 ............................................................ 20 特低滲透油藏注水開采特征 ............................................................ 23 注水開發(fā)存在問(wèn)題及其影響因素 ............................................................... 25 注水開發(fā)存在的問(wèn)題 ........................................................................ 25 注水開發(fā)的影響因素 ........................................................................ 26 超前注水開發(fā) ............................................................................................... 27 超前注水開發(fā)原理 ............................................................................ 27 超前注水?dāng)?shù)值模擬研究 .................................................................... 27 周期注水開發(fā) ............................................................................................... 31 周期注水開發(fā)原理 ............................................................................ 31 周期注水?dāng)?shù)值模擬研究 .................................................................... 32 第 5 章 特低滲透油藏開 發(fā)方式選擇 ........................................................................ 34 注水開發(fā)方式分析 ....................................................................................... 34 注氣開發(fā)方式分析 ....................................................................................... 35 氮?dú)怛?qū) ................................................................................................. 35 二氧 化碳?xì)怛?qū) ..................................................................................... 35 哈爾濱石油學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)（論文）