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【正文】 GROUPS, TEAMWORK, AND CONFLICT ISSUES Chapter 8 WHAT IS A GROUP? ?A group refers to two or more people who personally interact with each other in order to achieve a mon goal. TYPES OF GROUPS ?Informal groups: ? arise spontaneously throughout all levels of the pany and evolve out of employees’ needs for social interaction, friendship, and status. ?Formal groups: ? deliberately formed by management for the purpose of attaining pany goals. CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS ?Norms: ? A generally agreedon standard of behavior that every group member is expected to follow. ?Conformity: ? Group pressure forces its members to conform, or ply, with the norms established by the group. CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUPS ?Cohesiveness: ? An emotional closeness that exists among the group members, and its success depends on how well the group sticks together and acts as a single unit instead of as a group of individuals. WHY JOIN GROUPS? ?Affiliation (security, belonging, friendship) ?Power (reassurance and support) ?Identity (awareness of personal identity) ?Goal acplishment (the more brainpower, the better) GROUPTHINK ISSUES ?Groupthink: ? The tendency of highly cohesive groups to lose their critical evaluative abilities and out of a desire for unanimity, often overlook realistic, meaningful alternatives as attitudes are formed and decisions are made. HIDDEN AGENDA ISSUES ?Hidden agendas: ? Comprised of attitudes and feelings that an individual brings to the group. Hidden agendas represent what an individual or group wants, instead of what they say they want. HOW TO HANDLE HIDDEN AGENDAS 1. Realize a hidden agenda is a natural part of the group process because people have their own goals and needs. 2. Recognize that a hidden agenda might be present when the group is having difficulty in reaching its goals. 3. Decide how to bring the hidden agenda to light. TEAMWORK amp。 TEAMBUILDING ELEMENTS
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