【正文】 本科畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)說明書題 目：30kt/a粗甲醇聯(lián)醇法合成、精餾工藝設(shè)計(jì)學(xué)生姓名：學(xué) 院：化工學(xué)院系 別：化學(xué)工程系專 業(yè)：化學(xué)工程與工藝班 級：指導(dǎo)教師： 摘 要甲醇是一種重要的有機(jī)化工原料，應(yīng)用廣泛，可以用來生產(chǎn)甲醛、合成橡膠、甲胺、氯甲烷、醋酸等一系列有機(jī)化工產(chǎn)品。生產(chǎn)甲醇的方法很多，聯(lián)醇生產(chǎn)充分利用了現(xiàn)有合成氨生產(chǎn)裝置，只需增添甲醇合成與精餾兩套設(shè)備就可生產(chǎn)甲醇。本設(shè)計(jì)對甲醇性質(zhì)用途，國內(nèi)外甲醇工業(yè)現(xiàn)狀，生產(chǎn)方法、原料及廠址選擇以及環(huán)保做了簡單介紹，并且通過全廠工藝流程概述、煤的氣化、氣體的脫硫、變換、脫碳、合成氣壓縮、甲醇合成以及甲醇精餾八個方面。詳細(xì)的闡述了30kt/a粗甲醇從原料到最終產(chǎn)品的工藝路線。本設(shè)計(jì)過程進(jìn)行了甲醇合成、精餾工段的工藝計(jì)算，工藝計(jì)算為物料平衡計(jì)算和熱量平衡計(jì)算，主要內(nèi)容是關(guān)于整個工藝過程中的物料質(zhì)量守恒和物料熱量守恒，包括主要設(shè)備的進(jìn)出口的物料質(zhì)量守恒和物料熱量守恒以及一些換熱設(shè)備的計(jì)算，如冷凝器的計(jì)算。除此之外還繪制了設(shè)備一覽表、物料流程圖、甲醇合成、精餾工段工藝管道及儀表流程圖、甲醇合成、精餾工段設(shè)備布置圖。關(guān)鍵詞：甲醇；聯(lián)醇；合成；精餾AbstractMethanol is a kind of important organic chemical raw material, it can be used to produce a series of organic chemical products, like formaldehyde, synthetic rubber, monomethylamine, choromethane and acetic acid so on. In fact, there are many processes for methanol synthesis, while bined methanol production makes full use of the process units of the synthesis ammonia, only 2 sets of equipments for methanol synthesis and rectification are needed to produce methanol.The design of methanol, carbinol industry properties, production methods, materials and site selection and environmental protection to a simple, and through the whole process of coal gasification, and gas desulfurization, transform, decarburization, syngas pression, methanol synthesis and methanol distillation eight aspects were introduced in the paper. Annual 30kt coarse methanol from raw materials to the final product were described in detail.The design process of methanol synthesis, distillation process of calculation, process units calculation for the material balance calculation and heat equilibrium calculation. The main content of the process of calculation is about in the whole process of mass, including the main material of import and export of equipment material quality conservation and heat equilibrium calculation and heat transmission equipment of the calculation, like the condenser of the calculation. In addition to the selection of equipment do condensator, the methanol synthesis and distillation units equipment checklists, methanol synthesis distillation units, process piping material flow chart, equipment and instrument and piping layout plans were drawn.Keywords：Methanol。 Combined methanol production。 Synthesis。 Distillation目 錄引 言..................................................................1第一章 甲醇概況.........................................................2 甲醇性質(zhì)及用途..................................................2 甲醇生產(chǎn)方法簡介................................................2第二章 原料及廠址的選擇.................................................4 原料的選擇......................................................4 生產(chǎn)甲醇的原料............................................4 原料路線確定依據(jù)..........................................4 原料的來源及運(yùn)輸貯存......................................4 廠址方案........................................................5第三章 工藝路線.........................................................6 全廠工藝流程概述................................................6 煤的氣化........................................................6 氣體的脫硫......................................................7 概述......................................................7 濕式栲膠法脫硫特點(diǎn)........................................8 變換............................................................8 概述......................................................8 變換工藝流程..............................................8 脫碳............................................................9 概述......................................................9 脫碳方法..................................................9 合成氣壓縮......................................................9 甲醇合成.......................................................10 甲醇合成工藝原理.........................................10 甲醇合成技術(shù).............................................11 甲醇精餾.......................................................11 概述.....................................................11 甲醇精餾原理.............................................12 三塔精餾和雙塔精餾的比較.................................12 雙塔精餾工藝流程簡述.....................................12第四章 環(huán)境保護(hù)........................................................14 環(huán)保治理措施...................................................14 預(yù)期效果.......................................................14第五章 甲醇合成工序工藝計(jì)算............................................15 甲醇合成物料衡算...............................................15 設(shè)計(jì)條件及數(shù)據(jù)處理.......................................15 熱量衡算.......................................................25 甲醇合成塔熱量平衡計(jì)算...................................25 甲醇水冷凝器的熱量平衡計(jì)算...............................27第六章 甲醇精餾工序工藝計(jì)算............................................30 預(yù)塔物料、熱量衡算.............................................30 預(yù)塔物料衡算.............................................30 預(yù)塔熱量衡算.............................................31 冷卻水量計(jì)算.............................................33 主塔物料、熱量衡算.............................................33 主塔物料衡算..............................................33 主塔熱量衡算..............................................34 冷卻水量計(jì)算..............................................37第七章 冷凝器的設(shè)計(jì)....................................................39結(jié) 論.................................................................43參考文獻(xiàn)...............................................................44謝 辭.................................................................45引 言甲醇是一種重要的有機(jī)化工原料，應(yīng)用廣泛，可以用來生產(chǎn)甲醛、合成橡膠、甲胺、對苯二甲酸二甲脂、甲基丙烯酸甲脂、氯甲烷、醋酸、甲基叔丁基醚等一系列有機(jī)化工產(chǎn)品，而且還可以加入汽油摻燒或代替汽油作為動力燃料以及用來合成甲醇蛋白。隨著當(dāng)今世界石油資源的日益減少和甲醇單位成本的降低，用甲醇作為新的石化原料來源已經(jīng)成為一種趨勢。盡管目前全球甲醇生產(chǎn)能力相對過剩，并且不排除由于某種原因而引起甲醇市場的波動，但是對于有著豐富的煤、石油、天然氣資源的地區(qū)，除了研究開發(fā)新技術(shù)降低成本，還要不斷開拓甲醇應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域，大力生產(chǎn)和發(fā)展甲醇下游產(chǎn)品，從而促進(jìn)整個甲醇工業(yè)的發(fā)展。甲醇的工藝設(shè)計(jì)對于甲醇實(shí)際生產(chǎn)是必不可少的，為此我們進(jìn)行了此次設(shè)計(jì)。制造甲醇粗原料氣的主要固體燃料選的是煤與焦炭，用煤和焦炭制甲醇的工藝路線包括燃料的氣化、氣體的脫硫、變換、脫碳及甲醇合成與精制。由于本人水平有限，文中錯誤疏漏之處在所難免，還望讀者不吝賜教。第一章 甲醇概況甲醇是簡單的飽