【正文】
1 目 錄 摘 要 ???????????????????????? 1 1 概述??????????????????????? 6 可視電話的發(fā)展???????????????????? 7 可視電話業(yè)務(wù)及國內(nèi)外發(fā)展??????????????? 9 可視電話業(yè)務(wù)???????????????????? 9 國外發(fā)展動態(tài)???????????????????? 9 國內(nèi)發(fā)展動態(tài)??????????????????? 12 可視電話的分類????????? ?????????? 14 根據(jù)照傳輸信道的分類??????????????? 14 按照實現(xiàn)方式分類????????????????? 15 2 可視電話的基本結(jié)構(gòu)和核心技術(shù)????????????? 16 語音編碼技術(shù)及其原理???????????????? 17 音頻系統(tǒng)簡介????????????????? 19 音頻工作原理??????????????????? 20 視頻編碼技術(shù)及關(guān)鍵技術(shù)??????????????? 21 視頻 系統(tǒng)的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)??????????????? 22 視頻編解碼 協(xié)議?????????????? 24 對與視頻編解碼 協(xié)議???????????? 25 ???????????? 26 復(fù)用協(xié)議和控制協(xié)議????????????????? 27 復(fù)用??????????????????????? 27 2 協(xié)議??????????????????????? 28 可視電話的通 用流程???????????????? 30 3 可視電話設(shè)計?????????????????? 33 可視電話簡介????????????????? 33 可視電話系統(tǒng)框圖??????????????? 34 終端可視電話系統(tǒng)組成????????????? 36 可視電話硬件部分??????????????? 38 視頻部分???????????????????? 38 音頻部分?????????? ?????????? 40 可視電話軟件部分???????????????? 42 主控模塊???????????????????? 42 視頻控制顯示模塊???????????????? 42 其他?????????????????????? 43 4 總結(jié)???????????????????????? 44 參考文獻?????????????????????? 45 3 可視電話的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)和發(fā)展 摘 要: 可視電話是多媒體通信 的一個重要應(yīng)用。本文就可視電話的發(fā)展、可視電話的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)、以及可視電話系統(tǒng)設(shè)計進行了詳細的介紹 ,并且探討了以后的發(fā)展方向。 目前,國內(nèi)外主流的視訊設(shè)備都采用基于 ITU T H 系列的國際標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。國際上可視應(yīng)用的生產(chǎn)和供應(yīng)廠商主要在歐美地區(qū),數(shù)目不多,價格較高,而且主要是面向企業(yè)的商業(yè)應(yīng)用。 我國可視電話起步雖然比國外晚,但技術(shù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是與世界同步的,在核心編解碼芯片方面,國內(nèi)廠商引進、消化、吸收國外先進芯片的研制技術(shù),并運用到國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品中。我國已研制成功和正在合作開發(fā)可視電話的企業(yè)達到數(shù)十家,一些企業(yè)采用自己的技術(shù)生 產(chǎn)的可視電話,其性能已可以與國外同類產(chǎn)品相媲美,且市場價遠遠低于進口產(chǎn)品,還有一部分國內(nèi)產(chǎn)品出口國外。 我國與國外發(fā)達的視訊業(yè)務(wù)相比,我國的視訊應(yīng)用還處于初級階段,視訊的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)還掌握在少數(shù)幾個企業(yè)中。我國視調(diào)市場還屬于初創(chuàng)時期,市場的開拓還需要時間和精力。 對于重親情和友情的中國人來講,可視電話是普通百姓盼望已久的通信方式。然而,我國可視電話市場發(fā)展還不太理想,還未普及進入家庭,其原因有多方面。 作為可視電話產(chǎn)品的本身,也可以融合數(shù)碼相機、監(jiān)視器、攝像 4 機甚至傳真機等多種家電功能 ,應(yīng)用于社會保安、遠程 醫(yī)療、電子購物等多環(huán)境,找到潛在的消費需求和消費群體,從而找到發(fā)展可視電話市場的突破口,起到示范作用,以點帶面輻射,并形成生產(chǎn)規(guī)模,只有大批量生產(chǎn)促使價格降下來,在此基礎(chǔ)上加大宣傳力度,宣傳可視電話的功能和真正價值。才能逐步進入家庭,形成消費潮流。 無論怎樣,可視電話的商機對于電信設(shè)備制造企業(yè)是不可漠視和不能錯過的。 關(guān)鍵詞 : 可視電話, ,音頻,視頻 , , ABSTRACT: The videophone is an important application of munication of multimedia. This text has designed and 5 introduced the detailed one on the development , key technology of the videophone , and visual telephone system of the videophone , and the developing direction after the discussion . At present, the videoinformation apparatus of the domestic and international mainstream all adopt the international standard based on ITU T H series. Can look at production and supplier that is employed mainly in the AmericanEuropean area in the world, there is few figure, the price is relatively high, and is mainly enterprise oriented business application. Our country may start in accordance with telephone although is the synchronous technology of Ramp。D with world that domestic manufacturer introduces, digests and absorbs abroad advanced chip in the aspect of key volume decode chip than abroad late but technical standard, and utilize domestic product. Our country has developed success with is joint development may 6 reach in accordance with the enterprise of telephone tens of, some technologies that enterprise adopts self production may regard telephone, its performance may already pare with foreign similar product, just market price far has product import below, still have a part of domestic product export abroad. Our country and abroad are developed regard message business to pare, our country is still in primary stage in accordance with message application, the crucial technology of regarding message is still grasped in some few enterprises. Our country still belongs to newly established period in accordance with tune market, the developing of market still needs time and energy. For Chinese who kisses feelings and friendship again , it may be the munication way that ordinary mon people hopes 7 for a long time in accordance with telephone. However, our country may return in accordance with telephone market development not quite ideal, do not still popularize to enter family , its reason has various. The various function of home appliance of being who may regard telephone product and also fusing digital camera, monitor, video camera even facsimile apparatus, application is in social security , many environments such as longrange medical electronic shopping, find potential consumption demand and consumption group, so find development may regard the breach of telephone market, play the part of exemplary role, fan out from point to area to radiate , form scale of production , only produce in large quantity to make price to fall e down , on this foundation, increase propagative intensity , propagate may regard telephone function and genuine value. Then can enter 8 family step by step , form consumer trend. Regardless of how, may make in accordance with the business opportunity of telephone for telemunications equipment enterprise is cannot ignore and can not miss. Keywords: May regard telephone, , Audio frequency, Video, , 可視電話這個術(shù)語早在 20世紀(jì) 60年代就已經(jīng)出現(xiàn) ,可視電話屬于多媒體通信范疇,是一種有著廣泛應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的視會議系統(tǒng),使人們在通話時能夠看到對方影像,它不僅適用于家庭生活,而且還可以廣泛應(yīng)用于各項商務(wù)活動、遠程教學(xué)、保密監(jiān)控、醫(yī)院護理、醫(yī)療診斷、科學(xué)考察等不同行業(yè)的多種領(lǐng)域。 可視電話的主要功能是點對點的視頻通信,即支持 彩色活動圖像及語音的雙向?qū)崟r傳輸??梢曤娫拸母拍畹奶岢觥⒌谝慌_可視電話世界上誕生,到二十世紀(jì)九十年代以后, 9 計算機和芯片技術(shù)的進步,圖像、語音壓縮編碼技術(shù)得到快速發(fā)展,特別是國際上 1996年推出的全世界統(tǒng)一的多媒體可視電話標(biāo)準(zhǔn),其發(fā)展已經(jīng)歷了幾十年之久。在今天的多媒體通訊時代,可視電話又展現(xiàn)出了廣闊的發(fā)展前景。 可視電話的發(fā)展 可視電話發(fā)展大致分為以下三個階段。 第一階段是可視階段。電話是 1876 年由美國人貝爾發(fā)明的 ,只能聽見聲音看不見對方 ,所以聞其聲、觀其容的需求就一直是人類追求的夢想。 1964 年 ,美 國貝爾實驗室首先研制成功 Picture Phone 即靜止黑白圖像電話 ,但由于當(dāng)時圖像傳輸技術(shù)及視頻壓縮技術(shù)問題 ,使其發(fā)展緩慢。直到 1992 年 ,美國 ATamp。T 公司推出全彩色可視電話機 ,可在普通電話線路上使用 ,每秒可傳送 10 幀彩色圖像 ,也由于視頻壓縮率較低 ,圖像質(zhì)量差 ,價格偏高 ,導(dǎo)致市場不能接受。另一個問題是 ,直到 1996 年上半年國際上尚無可視電話的統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ,這就使得各公司之間產(chǎn)品不能互通 ,影響了可視電話市場的發(fā)展。近幾年由于視頻壓縮技術(shù)有了突飛猛進的發(fā)展 ,如 VCD、 DVD 發(fā)展就是這一技術(shù)的具體體現(xiàn) ,這就為可視 電話發(fā)展提供了新的空間。國際電訊聯(lián)盟在 1996年底制定了在普通電話