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初一年級(上)【知識梳理】 I. 重點短語1. Sit down 坐下2. on duty 值日3. in English 用英語4. have a seat 請坐5. at home 在家6. look like 看起來像7. look at 看著8. have a look 看看9. e on 加油10. at work 上班11. at school 在學校12. put on 穿上13. look after 照顧14. get up 起床15. go shopping 購物II. 重要句型1. help sb. do sth.2. What about…?3. Let’s do sth.4. It’s time to do sth.5. It’s time for …6. What’s…? It is…/ It’s…7. Where is…? It’s….8. How old are you? I’m….9. What class are you in? I’m in….10. Wele to….11. What’s …plus…? It’s….12. I think…13. Who’s this? This is….14. What can you see? I can see….15. There is (are) ….16. What colour is it (are they)? It’s (They’re)…17. Whose …is this? It’s….18. What time is it? It’s….III. 交際用語1. Good morning, Miss/Mr….2. Hello! Hi!3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too.4. How are you? I’m fine, thank you/thanks. And you?5. See you. See you later.6. Thank you! You’re wele.7. Goodbye! Bye!8. What’s your name? My name is ….9. Here you are. This way, please.10. Who’s on duty today?11. Let’s do.12. Let me see.IV. 重要語法1. 動詞be的用法;2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法;3. 名詞的單復數和所有格的用法;4. 冠詞的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法?!久麕熤v解】1. in/on 在表示空間位置時,in表示在某個空間的范圍以內,on表示在某一個物體的表面之上。例如: There is a bird in the tree. 樹上有只鳥。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用來指在時間、地點上更接近講話人的人和事,these是this的復數形式。that常常用來指在時間、地點上離講話人更遠一點的人和事,those時that的復數形式。例如: You look in this box and I’ll look in that one over ,我去看那邊的那個盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車,不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請把這些書拿到他房間去。 This is mine。 that’s yours. 這個是我的,那個是你的。 These are apples。 those are oranges. 這些是蘋果,那些是橘子。 (2)在打電話的用語中,this常常指的是我,that常常指的是對方。例如: This is Mary speaking. Who’s that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰?3. There be/ haveThere be 有,其確切含意為某處或某時存在某人或某物。其結構是:There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點或時間的狀語。There be 后面的名詞實際上是主語,be 動詞的形式要和主語在數上保持一致,be動詞后面的名詞是單數或不可數名詞時用is,名詞是復數時用are。例如:(1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂。(2) There is a doll in the box. 那個盒子里有個娃娃。(3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹上有許多蘋果。總之,There be結構強調的是一種客觀存在的有。have表示擁有,占有,具有,即:某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語一般是名詞或代詞,與主語是所屬關系。例如:(4) I have two brothers and one ,一個姐姐。(5) That house has four 。4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”,著重指認真看,強調看的動作,表示有意識地注意看,但不一定看到,以提醒對方注意。,如:Look! The children are playing puter games. 瞧!孩子們在玩電腦游戲。Look! What’s that over there? 看!那邊那個是什么?單獨使用是不及物動詞,如強調看某人/物,其后接介詞at,才能帶賓語,如:He’s looking at me。他正在看著我。(2)see強調“看”的結果,著重的是look這個動作的結果,意思是“看到”,see是及物動詞,后面能直接跟賓語。如:What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么?Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板!你看到了什么?(3)watch“觀看,注視”,側重于場面,表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務的活動,強調過程,常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如:Yesterday we watched a football match on 。4. put on/ / in put on意為“穿上,戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。in 是介詞,表示“穿著”強調狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語、標語和狀語。如:It’s cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷,穿上你的外衣。He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子,走了出去。The woman in a white blouse is John’s 。5. house/ home/familyhouse :“房子”,指居住的建筑物。 Home: “家”,指一個人同家人共同經常居住的地方。 Family: “家庭“,“家庭成員”。例如:Please e to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請到我家來。He is not at home. 他不在家。My family all get up early. 我們全家都起得很早。6. fine, nice, good, well四者都可用作形容詞表示好之意,但前三者既可作表語又可作定語,而后者僅用作表語。主要區(qū)別在于: (1) fine指物時表示的是質量上的精細,形容人時表示的是身體健康,也 可以用來指天氣晴朗。例如:Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。That39。s a fine machine. 那是一臺很好的機器。It39。s a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時候。(2)nice主要側重于人或物的外表,有美好,漂亮的意思,也可用于問候或贊揚別人。例如:Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見到你很高興。It39。s very nice of you. 你真好。(3)good形容人時指品德好,形容物時指質量好,是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語。例如:Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個好學生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車很好。(4)well只可用來形容人的身體好,但不能作定語,它也能用作副詞作狀語,多放在所修飾的動詞之后。例如:I39。m very well, thanks. 我身體很好,謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好?!究键c掃描】中考考點在本單元主要集中在:1. 動詞be的用法;2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法;3. 名詞的單復數和所有格的用法;4. 冠詞的基本用法;5. There be句型的用法。6. 本單元學過的詞匯、短語和句型;7. 本單元學過的日常交際用語??荚囆问娇梢允菃雾椞羁?、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子?!局锌挤独?. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show ________ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動詞show后面跟雙賓語,空白處應填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語。2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _________ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A C. / D. The【解析】答案:D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因為是特指課桌上的那個橘子,所以用定冠詞the。3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) What _______ the number of the girls in your class? About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be【解析】答案:A。該題考查的是動詞be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語,應該是單數第三人稱,動詞be變?yōu)閕s。4. (2004年陜西省中考試題) There _______ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have【解析】答案:B。該題考查的是There be…句型和動詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個地方存在某個人或物”,不能和動詞have混在一起用。【滿分演練】一. 單項填空1. What colour is the bike? It’s _______ orange.A. an B. a C. / D. the2. That isn’t her bag. It’s ________. A. my B. I C. mine D. me3. Oh, your kite is very nice. __________________. A. That’s right B. No, it’s not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you4. The woman is sixty, but she _______ young. A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches5. It’s time ________ lunch. Let’s go home. A. to B. in C. for D. on6. ________ is your coat? The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How7. ________ is the toy? It’s on the bed. A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose8. The shoes are too old. Put ________ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them9. Excuse me. Can you _______ my watch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at10. Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher. A. / / B. at。 to C. after。 / D. on。 after11. Whose dress is this? It’s _________. A. Lucy B. Lucy’s C. Jim D. Jim’s12. The girl ______ the purple coat is his sister. A. at B. in C. on D. with13