【正文】 高三 英語 秋季班 第一講 分詞（學(xué)生版）分詞有現(xiàn)在分詞（the Present Participle）和過去分詞（the Past Participle），在句中充當(dāng)定語、表語、補語和狀語。I. 分詞的形式現(xiàn)在分詞 doing 過去分詞 doneII．分詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)一般式被動式完成式完成式被動否定式現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done分詞的一般式doing 表示分詞動作與句子的謂語動作同時發(fā)生或者略早于謂語動作。分詞的完成式having done表示分詞動作早于主句謂語動作發(fā)生，兩個動作之間有明顯的時間間隔。 Eg. He hurried home, __________ (look) behind at times. ____________ (hear) the noise, they ran out to see what was happening.____________ (tell) many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake. ____________ (open) the door, she saw her room broken into. ____________ (show) around the museum, we hurried to the bus station.____________ (never operate) a puter, he met with a lot of difficulties.____________ (realize) he was wrong, he apologized to his teacher.注意：分句中一些明顯的標(biāo)志，如：____________, ____________等，這時往往會用分詞的完成式。III．分詞的句法功能:1. 作表語：現(xiàn)在分詞作表語: 一般表示主動或主語的性質(zhì)和特征, 意思是“___________”, 主語多數(shù)情況是sth.過去分詞作表語: 一般表示被動或說明主語情感心理上的感受, 意思是“____________”,主語多數(shù)情況是sb.Eg. The scene was so ____________(frighten) that everyone present was too ___________(frighten) to take a glance at it. Myraincoat was ____________ (break), somyclotheswerewet, which is quite ___________(embarrass).2. 作定語：A. 現(xiàn)在分詞表示 ______________ 的動作；過去分詞表示 ______________ 的動作。_____________ water 沸水 _____________ water 開水_____________ country 發(fā)達(dá)國家 _____________ country 發(fā)展中國家_____________ leaves 正在飄落的樹葉 _____________ leaves 落葉_____________ sun 升起的太陽 _____________ sun 徐徐上升的太陽B. 表示情感心理的Vt的分詞可修飾名詞作前置定語。Eg. He told us the ___________ (exciting, excited) news.The ___________ (exciting, excited) pupils jumped with joy.注意: ,還可修飾表示神態(tài)、聲音等的名詞, 說明主語的心理狀態(tài)。Eg. He had a _______________ (terrifying, terrified) look in his eyes.The boy answered in a ______________ (disappointing, disappointed) voice.C. 作定語時的位置單個分詞前置, 分詞短語后置, 修飾代詞時后置單個分詞作定語時，一般放在它所修飾的名詞前； 分詞短語作定語時，一般放在它所修飾的名詞后； 分詞在修飾由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代詞或those時后置① 單個分詞前置Eg. a neighboring town 中文：____________________an unexpected guest 中文：____________________例外: These plastic bottles used can be recycled. (有時單個的分詞放在分詞后面,用于強調(diào)動作)Do you know the number of books ordered?② 分詞短語后置（分詞短語作定語相當(dāng)于_______________）Eg. I don’t know the doctor___________ (seat) at the back.The goods ___________ (import) from abroad yesterday remain in good condition.③ 分詞修飾由some/any/no + thing/body/one所形成的不定代詞或those時,分詞放在這些詞之后Eg. Those ___________ (laugh) are considered impolite.Anyone ____________(swim) will be punished.D. 作定語時, 要注意分詞所表示動作的發(fā)生時間:① 表示正在進(jìn)行的動作Eg. Tell the children playing (= ____________________) there not to make too much noise. These grammar rules being taught now （= _____________________） are very important.② 表示經(jīng)常性動作或現(xiàn)在/當(dāng)時的狀態(tài)Eg. I used to live in a room facing (= _________________ ) south.③ 表示已經(jīng)完成的動作Eg. This is a school built (=___________________) 100 years ago. 過去分詞表示被動、完成注意：有些情況下，一般不用現(xiàn)在分詞短語作定語，而用定語從句Eg. The man who came this morning is our headmaster. (過去時)Is there anyone who can answer this question?Those who have finished their work can go home now. (完成時)牢記：現(xiàn)在分詞完成式不能用作定語修飾名詞。Eg. The builders having pleted the hotel were given prizes. ( )改為: The builders _______________________ the hotel were given prizes.請區(qū)分：the performances being put on at presentthe performances put on yesterdaythe performances to be put on tomorrow:a swimming boy a swimming poola walking stick a walking dictionary,running water running track3. 作賓語(主語)補足語：以下V. 后可跟分詞作賓語補足語：see, watch, hear, feel, find, notice, observe, catch, have, get, keep, leave, make, etc.復(fù)習(xí)：分詞與不定式作賓語補足語的區(qū)別Eg. see the man climbing over the wall doing 224。 _______________see the man climb over the wall do 224。 _______________see the boy jumping with joy doing 224。 _______________ see the boy jump onto the stage do 224。 _______________Eg. His lecture got us __________ (think).He got his bike ___________ (repair) just now.He watched the bed ___________ (carry) out of the door.He felt a great weight ____________ (take ) off his mind. 他感到心頭如釋重負(fù)。How would you like your hair __________ (cut)?The teacher raised his voice to make himself ____________(hear).4. 作狀語：相當(dāng)于______________A. 作時間狀語：Eg. ① _____________ (hear) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.②When/ While ______________ (take) around the city, we were deeply impressed by the city’s new look.While/When (I was) _______________ (wander) through the square, I caught sight of a snakecharmer.③________________ (finish) his work, he went home.B. 作原因狀語：Eg. ①________________ (be poor), he could not afford to travel abroad. ________________ (encourage) by his heroic deeds, they worked harder.________________ (lose) in thought, he almost ran into a post.________________ (frighten) by the big forest fire, the animals all ran away.________________ (not know) her address, we couldn’t get in touch with her.②________________ (never be) to the city, he soon got lost.________________ (not receive) his letter, I decided to call him up.C. 作方式/伴隨狀語：Eg. ① She watched the film, ___________ (weep ) and ___________ (sigh).② The teacher stood there, _______________ (surround) by a lot of students.D. 作條件狀語：Eg. ①