【正文】 高考7選51. 7選5的命題分析　　本題型的內(nèi)容是一篇總長(zhǎng)度為500~600詞的文章，其中有5段空白，文章后有6~7段文字，要求考生根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容從這6~7段文字中選擇出5個(gè)答案，分別放進(jìn)文章中5個(gè)空白處。　　此題型所考文章不僅長(zhǎng)度上長(zhǎng)于閱讀理解A節(jié)中的文章(每篇約400~450詞)，閱讀量大，而且在文字難度和做題要求上也都高于A節(jié)。A節(jié)中的文章是完整的，在通讀文章或查讀細(xì)節(jié)時(shí)，思路不會(huì)被打斷。而此題型文章中有5處空白，在閱讀過程中，如果不明白文章的主旨和段落主題、作者的寫作意圖，就很難順暢地讀下去、讀明白，自然就很難選出正確答案。而一個(gè)空填錯(cuò)勢(shì)必又影響到對(duì)另外一個(gè)空的選擇。另外，此題有5個(gè)空白處，卻提供6~7個(gè)選項(xiàng)(根據(jù)大綱)，因此有1~2個(gè)選項(xiàng)是多余的干擾選項(xiàng)，從而又加大了選出正確答案的難度。2. 7選5的考察要點(diǎn)　　這一考查題型對(duì)閱讀理解提出了更高層次的要求，即不僅要有閱讀速度，要對(duì)所讀文章的主旨要義、具體信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的寫作意圖、觀點(diǎn)，區(qū)分出論點(diǎn)和論據(jù)，并且能夠把握文章的寫作結(jié)構(gòu)和脈絡(luò)層次，只有了解了這一切，才能比較準(zhǔn)確地確定應(yīng)該選擇哪個(gè)選項(xiàng)?！　〔贿^，只要了解了這種新題型所考查的要點(diǎn)，出題位置，在閱讀文章時(shí)有意識(shí)地加強(qiáng)對(duì)文章寫作思路和結(jié)構(gòu)組織安排的理解，掌握英語(yǔ)文章常見的幾種寫作結(jié)構(gòu)，對(duì)迅速增強(qiáng)此類新題型的應(yīng)對(duì)能力還是非常有幫助的。3文章結(jié)構(gòu)　　(a)描述性結(jié)構(gòu)(主要介紹事物、問題或傾向的特點(diǎn)，對(duì)人物的描述如傳記，包括人身體特征、家庭背景、成長(zhǎng)過程、個(gè)性愛好、成就貢獻(xiàn)等內(nèi)容進(jìn)行描述，因此時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)往往是出題重點(diǎn))　　(b)釋義性結(jié)構(gòu)(解釋某一理論、學(xué)科、事物，主要用例子比喻類比闡述)　　(c)比較性結(jié)構(gòu)(把兩個(gè)人或事物功能、特點(diǎn)、優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)進(jìn)行對(duì)比)　　(d)原因性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要分析事物的成因，客觀的、主觀的、直接的、間接的)　　(e)駁斥性結(jié)構(gòu)(這種結(jié)構(gòu)主要是先介紹一種觀點(diǎn)，然后對(duì)其評(píng)論或駁斥，然后分析其優(yōu)點(diǎn)缺點(diǎn)、危害性、最后闡明自己的觀點(diǎn))4. 7選5的解題步驟　　1)快速閱讀全文要點(diǎn)詞句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及獨(dú)立成段的句子和文章中帶轉(zhuǎn)折詞的句子等，目的是掌握文章的主要內(nèi)容?！　〉怯捎谖恼轮锌杖绷宋逄帲矣械牡胤娇杖钡氖菐拙湓捝踔潦且徽?，文章的整個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)和邏輯是被打斷了的，因此在短時(shí)間內(nèi)掌握文章要點(diǎn)或邏輯思路是很困難的。因此這一步可能對(duì)很多考生來說會(huì)花費(fèi)很多時(shí)間。如果感覺困難而且收獲不大，可直接進(jìn)入第二步，即一開始就邊閱讀邊分析做題?！　?)邊讀邊做題，重點(diǎn)閱讀各個(gè)問題附近的句子，圈定線索詞，然后從選項(xiàng)中尋找相關(guān)的特征詞，以確定答案。做題時(shí)可以采用代入排除法。如果一題做不出或拿不準(zhǔn)，可先放過，繼續(xù)往下讀，先做容易的能做出的題，直到讀完整篇文章。至此，文章的要點(diǎn)和主旨、各個(gè)段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系應(yīng)基本清楚了?！　?)重新閱讀相關(guān)詞句，重點(diǎn)做剛才沒做出的題或不確定的題，此時(shí)可將已選出的答案代入原文，利用排除法。同時(shí)檢查核對(duì)已選出的答案，看文章從內(nèi)容上是否語(yǔ)義連貫合理，語(yǔ)篇結(jié)構(gòu)上是否通順連貫、具有一致性、合乎邏輯，寫作思路是否清晰明了，格式以及用語(yǔ)是否恰當(dāng)貼切。如果所選的答案可以滿足上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，則表明各個(gè)問題的答案基本正確。4）．比較兩類關(guān)鍵詞 ：將7個(gè)選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞與5個(gè)空的前后句中的關(guān)鍵詞進(jìn)行比較，匹配的是正確答案。具體方法：1． 閱讀各個(gè)空的前后句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞 在閱讀文章的開始部分、明確文章的基本話題以后，要閱讀五個(gè)空自的前后句，并將前后句中的解題線索，即關(guān)鍵詞標(biāo)記下來。關(guān)鍵詞包括句中的核心名詞或名詞詞組（如帶有形容詞的名詞詞組），專有名詞、時(shí)間數(shù)字、代詞、連詞等。2． 閱讀各個(gè)選項(xiàng)，尤其是選項(xiàng)的首句，標(biāo)記關(guān)鍵詞 3． 比較并匹配上述兩類關(guān)鍵詞，確定答案 4． 將確定的答案代入原文，看讀起來是否通順。 例文：51 You don’t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you． important position is the one that you go to sleep in． If you go to sleep on your back，you’re a very open person．You normally trust people andyou are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas．You don’t like to displease people．So you never express your real feelings．53 If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person．You worry a lot and you’re always easily upset．You always stick to your own opinions or judgment，but you aren’t very ambitious(上進(jìn)心)． means that you enjoy having a good time． If you sleep curled up，you are probably a very nervous person．You have a low opinion of yourself and so you’re often delusive．You’re shy and you don’t normally like meeting people．You prefer to on your own，You’re easily hurt． If you sleep on your side．yon have usually got a well—balanced personality．’re usually careful．You believe in yourself．Yon sometimes feel anxious，but you don’t often get sad．You always say what you think even if it makes people rather angry.A. You’re quite shy and you aren’t quite sure of yourself．B．You know your strengths and weakness． people seldom change their sleeping positionD .Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real． you don’t want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up.F .You usually live for today not tomorrow．G. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their positions．七選五解題策略 七選五解題的關(guān)鍵是能嫻熟地利用各種銜接手段。銜接手段分為三種：詞匯銜接、邏輯銜接、結(jié)構(gòu)銜接（具體如下）。一．詞匯銜接又可以具體分為三種：代詞、同義詞/近義詞、上下義詞/同一范疇詞對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。 1. 代詞：　英語(yǔ)表達(dá)中的代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率極高，代詞的作用是指代前面提及的名詞或形容詞概念，巧妙利用這樣的指代關(guān)系和根據(jù)代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)差異可以準(zhǔn)確而快速地解題。例題：…The new design was well received by the reception staff of the hotel 正確選項(xiàng)句子為：They all believe that its introduction has led to a modern , more professional corporate image and greater confidence among them.例題分析：選項(xiàng)中的they是一個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)人數(shù)主格代詞，對(duì)應(yīng)空格前句中的staff。staff是一個(gè)集合名詞（全體員工），是個(gè)復(fù)數(shù)概念。代詞中有一類叫不定代詞，常見的有：one, everyone, everybody, each, both, all, many, these, this等，特別要注意它們所指代的名詞概念的單復(fù)數(shù)性質(zhì)，考生如果對(duì)此比較敏感，對(duì)解題有很大的幫助。例題：It is important, therefore, that we should know what people using our stores want of During the past two years, we have been working hard to improve the standard of our products in both these areas.正確選項(xiàng)句子為： The research made by the pany shows that, above all else, customers expect fashion and value.例題分析：空格后的句末in both these areas中both這個(gè)不定代詞提示考生空格中一定出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)并列的名詞概念，即fashion and value。當(dāng)然該題也可通過同義詞對(duì)應(yīng)解題：選項(xiàng)中的expect對(duì)應(yīng)空格前的want,表“需求”。2. 同義詞/近義詞：英語(yǔ)前言后語(yǔ)之間往往有同義詞、近義詞、近義表達(dá)語(yǔ)甚至相同詞匯的重復(fù)使用，這是我們解題的一個(gè)很好的判斷線索。其實(shí)就其本質(zhì)而言，上文講的代詞和下文將涉及的上下義詞和同一范疇詞都是特殊的同義/近義詞。例題：Laura Ashley made a fortune by looking back to past centuries, searching for old designs to decorate a variety of clothes and household furnishings. _____. 正確的選項(xiàng)是：These traditional products created a huge wave of demand from the States and elsewhere. 例題分析：空格前句中的old和選項(xiàng)中的traditional是近義詞，是很明顯的同義對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。 有的時(shí)候，如果選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)空格前后句里相同的詞匯，尤其是實(shí)詞（特別是名詞），這往往是很好的提示。這就是所謂的同詞重復(fù)現(xiàn)象。例題：51 You don’t show your secret personality when you are awake because you can control your behavior, but when you are asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you．正確選項(xiàng)為Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real．例題分析：空格后句和空格里都出現(xiàn)了personality，secret，在讀選項(xiàng)的時(shí)候很容易注意到這個(gè)同詞重復(fù)的解題線索。3. 上下義詞/同一范疇詞：　什么是上下義詞和同一范疇詞？舉個(gè)例子你們就明白了。Fruit和apple之間就是上下義詞，因?yàn)榍罢甙撕笳?，或可以說后者是前者的一個(gè)子集。Apple和orange之間則是同一范疇的關(guān)系，都屬于fruit。利用前后句中這樣的特殊的同義關(guān)系常?？梢院茌p松地解題。 例題：A recently study by American management institute shows that the processing of documents takes up 60% of office works’ time, 40% of labor costs and up to 10% of business ine. ______.正確的選項(xiàng)是：These figures are hardly surprising since documents convey ninetenths of all information. 例題分析：選項(xiàng)中的these figures 提示我們前句一定出現(xiàn)了大于等于三個(gè)數(shù)字，figure/number/ data等都是表示“數(shù)字、數(shù)據(jù)”的意思，空格前面出現(xiàn)了三個(gè)百分?jǐn)?shù)，屬于數(shù)字的一種，是上下義詞的關(guān)系。 例題：Certain key products have been subject to a thorough review, most notably menswear, where significant advances have been made in product design and manufacture. of these have reported an increase in market share. 正確的選項(xiàng)是：Other areas where product innovation has been particu