【正文】 存檔編號 華北水利水電大學 North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power 畢 業(yè) 設(shè) 計 題目 4 20m179。沙石稱量裝置設(shè)計 學 院 機械學院 專 業(yè) 機械設(shè)計制造及其自動化 教務(wù)處制 目 錄 摘要 Abstract 第一章 概述 ................................................... 1 混凝土攪拌站的現(xiàn)狀及發(fā)展方向 ........................... 1 混凝土攪拌站的現(xiàn)狀 ................................ 1 混凝土攪拌站的發(fā)展方向 ............................ 1 我國混凝土攪拌站的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀 ........................ 2 混凝土攪拌站組成 ....................................... 3 攪拌主機 .......................................... 4 稱重傳感器的選擇 .................................. 4 物料輸送系統(tǒng) ...................................... 4 控制系統(tǒng) .......................................... 5 第二章 沙石料倉的設(shè)計 ......................................... 6 松散物料的物理特性 ..................................... 6 粒度 α ........................................... 6 容重 γ ........................................... 6 拱塞現(xiàn)象 .......................................... 6 沙石料倉的基本在尺寸 ................................... 7 沙石料倉的直徑 ................................... 7 沙石料倉的卸料口 ................................. 8 沙石料倉的傾斜角 ................................ 10 料倉的高度 ...................................... 10 閘門的設(shè)計 ...................................... 12 材料的選擇 ...................................... 13 沙石料倉壓力的計算 .................................... 13 圓柱部分的壓力 .................................. 13 圓錐體部分的計算 ................................ 16 料倉的厚度 ........................................... 16 第三章 沙石稱量系統(tǒng) ......................................... 18 稱量系統(tǒng)的基本要求 ................................... 18 稱斗的設(shè)計 ........................................... 18 第四章 稱量裝置的常見問題分析 ................................ 21 稱量故障 ............................................. 21 自然休止角和料倉的倉壁傾角 ........................... 21 料斗的形狀討論 ....................................... 21 第五章 其他部分 ............................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 輸送部分 ............................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 攪拌部分 ............................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 外圍部分 ............................... 錯誤 !未定義書簽。 第六章 總結(jié) .................................................. 26 參考文獻 ................................................... 27 致謝 ....................................................... 28 附錄 ....................................................... 31 摘 要 混凝土攪拌站是用來集中攪拌混凝土的聯(lián)合裝置，又稱混凝土預(yù)制場。由于它的機械化、自動化程度較高，所以生產(chǎn)率也很高，并能保證混凝土的質(zhì)量和節(jié)省水泥，常用于混凝土工程量 大、工期長、工地集中的大、中型水利、電力、橋梁等工程。隨著市政建設(shè)的發(fā)展，采用集中攪拌、提供商品混凝土的攪拌站具有很大的優(yōu)越性，因而得到迅速發(fā)展，并為推廣混凝土泵送施工，實現(xiàn)攪拌、輸送、澆筑機械聯(lián)合作業(yè)創(chuàng)造條件。 混凝土攪拌站 是由攪拌主機、物料稱量系統(tǒng)、物料輸送系統(tǒng)、物料貯存系統(tǒng)、控制系統(tǒng)五大組成系統(tǒng)和其他附屬設(shè)施組成的建筑材料制造設(shè)備，其工作的主要原理是以水泥為膠結(jié)材料，將砂石、石灰、煤渣等原料進行混 合攪拌，最后制作成混凝土，作為墻體材料投入建設(shè)生產(chǎn)。混凝土攪拌站自投入使用以來，在我國建筑建材業(yè)一直發(fā)揮著重要作用，當然這也是混凝土攪拌站本身所具備的優(yōu)越的特性所決定的。 物料稱量系統(tǒng)是影響混凝土質(zhì)量和混凝土生產(chǎn)成本的關(guān)鍵部件，主要分為骨料稱量、粉料稱量和液體稱量三部分。一般情況下，每小時 20立方米以下的攪拌站采用疊加稱量方式，即骨料（砂、石）用一把秤、水泥和粉煤灰用一把秤、水和液體外加劑分別稱量，然后將液體外加劑投放到水稱斗內(nèi)預(yù)先混合。而在每小時 50立方米以上的攪拌站中，多采用各稱物料獨立稱量的方式 ，所有稱量都采用電子秤及微機控制。骨料稱量精度≤ 2%，水泥、粉料、水及外加劑的稱量精度均達到≤ 1%。 混凝土攪拌站 不僅具有優(yōu)良的攪拌主機，還具備各種精良配件，如螺旋輸送機、計量傳感器、氣動元件等，這些部件保證了混凝土攪拌站在運轉(zhuǎn)過程中高度的可靠性，精確的計量技能以及超長的使用壽命。同時，混凝土攪拌站各維修保養(yǎng)部位均設(shè)有走臺或檢梯，且具有足夠的操縱空間，攪拌主機可配備高壓自動清洗系統(tǒng)，具有功能缺油和超溫自 動報警功能，便于設(shè)備維修。 關(guān)鍵詞： 混凝土 攪拌站 。 稱斗 ； 稱量裝置。 Abstract Concrete mixing plant is used to concentrate mixing of concrete joint device, also known as the field of precast of its mechanization, high degree of automation, high productivity, and to ensure the quality of concrete and save cement, monly used in concrete works large, long duration, site concentration of large and mediumsized water conservancy, electricity, bridges and other the development of the municipal building, centralized mixing mercial concrete mixing station has great advantages, thus the rapid development, and to promote the construction of concrete pumping, stirring, transport, pouring mechanical joint operations to create the conditions. Concrete mixing plant is a mixing console, materials weighing systems, material handling systems, material storage system, control system five ponents of the system and other ancillary facilities construction materials manufacturing equipment,Its work is based on the principle of cement cementing material, gravel, lime, coal and other raw materials were mixed and stirred, and finally made into a concrete wall materials to invest in construction the concrete mixing plant has been put into use in China39。s building materials industry has been playing an important role, of course, which is the concrete mixing station itself with superior characteristics. Material weighing system is a critical ponent to affect the quality of concrete and concrete production costs, mainly divided aggregate weighing powder weighing and a liquid weighing three normal circumstances, the mixing station based on an overlay weighing less than 20 cubic meters per hour, aggregates (sand, stone) with a scale with a scale, cement and fly ash, water and liquid admixtures were weighed liquid admixture is then put into the water, said premixed in the . Mixing stations in more than 50 cubic meters per hour, the use of independent weighing each of the said material, all weighing electronic scales and puter control. Aggregate weighing accuracy ≤ 2%, cement, powder, water and admixtures weighing accuracy to achieve ≤ 1%. Concrete mixing station having not only excellent mixing console further includes a variety of sophisticated accessories, such as a screw conveyor, measurement sensor, pneumatic ponents, these ponents to ensure that the concrete mixing stand during operation of a hi