【正文】 摘 要 過去 30 多年來，中國經(jīng)濟的巨大成功都與方興未艾的城市化浪潮息息相關(guān)。展望未來 1020 年，中國將有近 10 億人口居住在城市。一方面，這種巨大的城市化空間都將孕育新的機會，并將成為未來中國長期增長與經(jīng)濟轉(zhuǎn)型的宏大主題；然而，另一方面，我們應(yīng)該看到，未來中國的城市化進程不可避免的遇到諸如房價攀升不止，資源稀缺，政策不到位等這樣那樣的問題。因此，解決一個 13 億人口大國的城市化問題是一項巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。如何能將城市化問題與其他相關(guān)因素有機結(jié)合，井井有條的發(fā)展成為了我國急需要解決的問題。 房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)作為中國的重要產(chǎn) 業(yè)之一，在我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展和城市化的進程中扮演著極其重要的角色。我國房地產(chǎn)業(yè)起步于改革開放后 ,時至今日我國房地產(chǎn)業(yè)已成為國民經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的必要產(chǎn)業(yè)支柱。但是近幾年 ,房地產(chǎn)市場存在著地價、房價持續(xù)上漲 ,市場供求結(jié)構(gòu)失調(diào) ,租售比懸殊 ,交易信息不對稱 ,土地市場不規(guī)范、征費過重的問題。若不解決這些問題，城市化進程也會因為房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)的畸形發(fā)展而受到阻礙，我國的經(jīng)濟發(fā)展也會受到極大的限制。為此 ,應(yīng)加大住房供應(yīng)量 ,優(yōu)化土地資源配置 ,改革我國現(xiàn)行房地產(chǎn)稅制 ,加大金融監(jiān)管力度和完善房地產(chǎn)市場信息系統(tǒng)。 論文研究了我國城市化發(fā)展的進 程中的諸多因素與房地產(chǎn)之間的聯(lián)系，試圖解決城市化進程與房地產(chǎn)之間的矛盾。從人口因素出發(fā)，研究了人口流動與人口結(jié)構(gòu)對于房地產(chǎn)的影響，繼而引出限購令和戶籍政策的局限性。從政策因素出發(fā)，研究了國家的住房政策和經(jīng)濟政策，從而看出政府對于城市化與房地產(chǎn)方面的態(tài)度，分析了今后可能的趨勢。從資源出發(fā)，強調(diào)了土地資源，旅游資源等對于城市化進程和房地產(chǎn)的重要性，為了今后的發(fā)展提出建議。 在論文的末兩章，作者提出了建議并對中國城市化進程與房地產(chǎn)行業(yè)進行了展望，得出了未來城市化進程和房地產(chǎn)市場將趨于穩(wěn)定的結(jié)論，并且為今后可能產(chǎn)生 的問題提出了猜測和建議。 關(guān)鍵詞 ： 城市化，房價，人口，政策，資源 Abstract Over the past 30 years, China39。s economy with the enormous success of the urbanization wave is closely linked. Beginning Looking to the future 1020 years, China will have nearly 10 million people living in the city. On the one hand, this huge urbanization Spaces will create new opportunities in China, and will bee the future longterm growth and the economic transformation of the grand theme。 However, on the other hand, we should see future China urbanization process inevitably encounter such as house prices climbed more than, resources are scarce, the policy does not reach the designated position, etc such problems. Therefore, solve a billion population urbanization problem is a huge challenge. How can you change urbanized question and other related factors, the development of anic bination in order to bee urgently needed to solve the problems. Real estate industry is one of the important industry in China, in the economic development of our country and the advancement of urbanization plays an extremely important role. Real estate industry in China started in after reform and openingup, today our real estate development of national economy has bee the necessary industry pillar. But in recent years, the real estate market exists price, house prices continue to rise, market supply and demand structure of disorders, rental deal than disparity, information asymmetry, land market is not standard, f. overweight problems. If not to solve these problems, the urbanization will also because real estate industry development and obstructing the deformity, the economic development of our country is also under great limits. Therefore, we should increase the housing supply, optimize the allocation of land resources, the reform of China39。s current real estate tax system, strengthen financial supervision and perfect the real estate market information system. The paper studies the process of urbanization development of many factors and real estate connection between urbanization and, trying to solve the contradiction between real estate. Starting from demographic factors, studies the floating population and the population structure for real estate and put forward the influence of household registration policy restricted make and limitations. Starting from policy factors, studied the country39。s housing policy and economic policy, to see the government for urbanization and real estate, analyzes the attitude of potential future trend. Starting from the resources, emphasized that the land resources, such as tourism resources for the importance of urbanization and real estate development in the future, in order to put forward some Suggestions. In the paper, the author puts forward the two end chapter Suggestions for China39。s urbanization process and discussed with the real estate industry, it is concluded that the future of urbanization and the real estate market will stabilize the conclusion, and possible problems for the future speculation and Suggestions proposed. Keywords: urbanization, real estate, population, policy, resources 蘭州交通大學(xué)博文學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 1 目 錄 中文摘要 ABSTRACT 第 1 章 緒論 ........................................................ 1 課題研究背景 ................................................ 1 課題研究意義 ................................................ 2 課題研究內(nèi)容 ................................................ 3 第 2 章 當前我國房地產(chǎn)市場狀況分析 .................................. 4 中國房地產(chǎn)現(xiàn)狀分析 .......................................... 4 我國 房屋出租率和空置比例 ................................... 33 促成我國高房價的因素 ....................................... 33 人口因素 .............................................. 33 政策 因素 .............................................. 33 資源因素 .............................................. 33 房地產(chǎn) 投資結(jié)構(gòu)不合理 .................................. 33 住宅需求不平衡 ........................................ 33 房地產(chǎn)投機行為推動房價上漲 ............................ 20 流動性資金過剩，大量流向房地產(chǎn)領(lǐng)域 .................... 21 第 3 章 我國城市化進程發(fā)展歷程以及國外借鑒 ......................... 22 我國城市化發(fā)展歷程 ......................................... 22 前三十年：城市化進程的啟動與徘徊 ...................... 22 后三十年：城市化理論的“中國范式” .................... 23 城市化進程現(xiàn)狀 ............................................. 24 城市化進程表現(xiàn)出的特征 ................................ 24 勞動力職業(yè)的轉(zhuǎn)化快于地域的集中 ........................ 25 推動城市化進程的機制分析 .............................. 25 城市化空間進程分析 .................................... 25 就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)與產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)分析 ................................ 26 房地產(chǎn)市場與城市化中存在的問題 ............................ 227 蘭州交通大學(xué)博文學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計（論文） 2 國外城市化發(fā)展借鑒 ......................................... 28 西方發(fā)達資本主義國家 —— 歐洲各國 .................... 228 亞洲優(yōu)秀國家城市化建設(shè) —— 新加坡 ..................... 31 第 4 章 高房價對我國城市化進程的影響 ............................... 33 高房價導(dǎo)致財富過于集中，擴大各級財富差距 ................... 33 高