【正文】
1 目錄 概述 ................................................. 2 一、系統(tǒng)的功能原理設(shè)計 ................................ 4 (一)、功能的定義及分類 ............................ 4 (二)、功能原理設(shè)計 ................................ 4 (三)、功能原理設(shè)計的設(shè)計方法 —— 黑箱法 ............ 7 (四)、功能結(jié)構(gòu) ................................... 18 二、結(jié)構(gòu)總體設(shè)計 ..................................... 20 (一)、結(jié)構(gòu)總體設(shè)計的任務(wù)、原則 ................... 20 (二)、總體布置設(shè)計 ............................... 23 (三) 、總體布置設(shè)計的基本要求 ..................... 23 三、插齒機三維圖 ..................................... 24 四、參考文獻 ........................................ 28 致謝 ................................................ 29 2 概述 齒輪齒間的空間形狀是復(fù)雜的,而且隨著齒輪的齒數(shù)和模數(shù)的不同而變化,因此大多數(shù)的齒輪制造方法采用斬成齒廓而不是成形加工。這種制造方法叫仿形法,包括刨削和插削兩種加工方法。 刨削采用往復(fù)運動的齒條刀,當(dāng)齒條刀實際上繞齒輪坯料滾切并沿其螺旋線方向運動時,齒形就會被逐漸展成。插削加工在本質(zhì)上與刨削加工類似,只是采用了圓形刀具來取代齒條刀。其結(jié)果是減少了往復(fù)運動慣性,在加工過程中可以采用比刨削高得多的行程速度。現(xiàn)代插齒機在加工汽車齒輪時可以達到每分鐘2020 次切削行程。插齒刀的形狀與漸 開線齒輪大致相同,但是其齒頂是圓的。 由于刀具與工件之間的展成傳動只包括圓周運動,因此不需要齒條或者絲杠。在刀具的每一次行程中,通常刀具和工件的切向移動距為 。在回程中,道具必須退讓 1mm 以留出間隙。否則,在退刀時,刀具會擦傷已加工表面,并且加快刀具的磨損。 插齒加工的優(yōu)點是生產(chǎn)效率較高和可以將齒插到接近軸肩處。令人遺憾的是,加工斜齒輪時需要有一個能夠生產(chǎn)繞齒運動行程本身旋轉(zhuǎn)的螺旋導(dǎo)軌。這種螺旋導(dǎo)軌不易制造,或者說其制造成本較高。由于對每一種不同螺旋角的齒輪,應(yīng)該制造不同參數(shù)的插齒刀和螺旋導(dǎo)軌,因此 這種方法僅適用于斜齒輪的大批量生產(chǎn)加工。插削加工的一大優(yōu)點是能夠加工諸如大型行星齒輪傳動所需要的內(nèi)齒輪。 3 Summary The shape of the space between gear teeth is plex and varies with the number of teeth on the gear as well as tooth module, so most gear manufacturing methods generate the tooth flank instead of forming. This method that we called tooth flank include in planing and shaping. Planing uses a reciprocating rack, stroking in the direction of the helix on a gear with a gradual of form as the rack effectively rolls round the gear blank. Shaping is inherently similar to planing but uses a circular cutter instead of a rack and the resulting reduction in the reciprocating inertia allows much higher stroking speeds。 modern shapers cutting car gears can run at 2 000 cutting strokes per minute .The shape of the cutter is roughly the same as an involute gear but the tips of the teeth are rounded. The generating drive between cutter and workpiece does not involve a rack or leadscrew since only circular motion is involved. The tool and workpiece move tangentially typically mm for each stroke of the cutter. On the return stroke the cutter must be retracted about 1 mm to give clearance otherwise tool rub occurs on the back stroke and failure is rapid. The advantages of shaping are that production rates are relatively high and that it is possible to cut right up to a shoulder. Unfortunately, for helical gears, a helical guide is required to impose a rotational motion on the stroking motion。 such helical guides cannot be produced easily or cheaply so the method is only suitable for long runs with helical gears since special cutters and guides must be manufactured for each different helix angle. A great advantage of shaping is its ability to cut annular gears such as those required for large epicyclic drives. 4 機械系統(tǒng)總體設(shè)計 機械系統(tǒng)設(shè)計的關(guān)鍵,它對產(chǎn)品的技術(shù)性能、經(jīng)濟指標和外觀均有決定意義。它包括機械系統(tǒng)功能原理設(shè)計、總體設(shè)計(各子系統(tǒng)之間的相互關(guān)系)、主要技術(shù)參數(shù)如尺寸參數(shù)、運動參數(shù)和動力參數(shù)等的確定及技術(shù)經(jīng)濟分析等。由于最終確定的總體設(shè)計方案是技術(shù)設(shè)計階段的指導(dǎo)性文件, 亦即各子系統(tǒng)中所有零部件的結(jié)構(gòu)、形狀、尺寸、材質(zhì)、等都是以總體設(shè)計方案為依據(jù),所以,必須進行大量的資料查找,通過分析、判斷、評價、創(chuàng)新,最終獲