【正文】 I 摘要 油罐車是罐式車的一種，主要用于液體油品的異地轉(zhuǎn)移運輸和實現(xiàn)車輛飛機的流動加油。油罐車技術含量不太高 , 而且制造工藝相對于其他橄式專用車而言比較簡單 , 生產(chǎn)企業(yè)相對較多 , 市場競爭非常激烈。企業(yè)最重要的戰(zhàn)略任務之一就是保障其長久的生存能力。 目前市場上汽車使用的燃料主要以汽油與柴油為主（汽油又有 93和 97兩種標號，柴油又分為 0、 30號等）設計出兩種或兩種以上的多倉燃料運輸車能夠滿足不同用戶對燃料的需求。能夠適應工地、礦山、農(nóng)場等多種型號車輛的需要。 汽車材料輕量化是汽車發(fā)展的必然趨勢。所謂汽車 輕量化，就是降低汽車產(chǎn)品自身重量，達到減重、降耗、環(huán)保、安全的綜合目標。用科學方法和手段對汽車產(chǎn)品進行優(yōu)化設計，在確保汽車綜合性能指標的前提下，通過使用新型材料，盡可能降 降低運輸成本，提高企業(yè)的運營效率。 鋁合金是具有廣闊應用前景的輕型材料，采用該材料生產(chǎn)的油罐半掛運輸車自身質(zhì)量輕，不僅可以完全滿足運輸油料的強度和剛度要求，而且可以顯著降低運輸成本，提高企業(yè)的運營效率。 全套圖紙，加 153893706 II 關鍵詞： 油罐 多倉 半掛車 運輸 鋁合金 Abstract Of all the tank cars,the oiltankers mainly for the transfer of liquid pet roleum transportation and offsite movement of vehicles to achieve air market is very petitive because the technology of the tank is not so much high and the manufacturing process is more simple pared with the other olivinetype special purpose of the most important strategic task to a pany is to ensure its long term viability. Currently on the market the car use fuel to gasoline and diesel ( gasoline and mainly 93 and 97 two grade, diesel was divided into 0, 10, 30, etc.) to produce two or more than two kinds of multi chamber fuel transport vehicle can meet different users demand for fuel. To adapt to the site, mines, farms and other types of vehicle needs. Lightweight automotive materials is the inevitable so called lightweight vehicles is to reduce weight of the product itself,to achieve weight loss, energy saving,enviromental protection,safty and the III other prehensive goals. Using scientific methods and means to optimise the design of automotive products, under the premise of ensuring the car39。s prehensive performance indicators,through the use of new materials,reduce the transport costs as much as possible and improve operational efficiency. Aluminum is a broad prospect of lightweight materials. The oiltank semitrailer is produced by the use of the material ,not only can fully meet the strength and stiffness of the transportation,but also can reduce transportation costs significantly and improve operational efficiency of enterprises. Keywords： Tank Multichamber Semitrailer Transport Aluminum IV 目錄 摘要 .............................................................................................................................. I 第 1 章 緒論 ..................................................................................................................1 鋁合金 .............................................................................................................1 半掛車的發(fā)展狀況 .........................................................................................3 半掛車的分類 .................................................................................................4 油罐汽車的結構與設計 ................................................................................6 油罐汽車 ............................................................................................6 油罐汽車結構與設計 ........................................................................6 第 2 章 鋁合金油罐半 掛車的設計 ..............................................................................8 本次設計的主要參數(shù) ...................................................................................8 半掛車的總體設計 .......................................................................................9 半掛車的車架設計 .......................................................................................9 縱梁的設計 ................................................................................................. 11 橫梁的設計 .................................................................................................12 牽引銷座板的設計 .....................................................................................13 罐體的設計 .................................................................................................14 第 3 章 取力器的設計 ................................................................................................24 取力器的工作原理 .......................................................................................24 取力器的分類 ...............................................................................................25 取力器的參數(shù) ...............................................................................................33 V 結 論 ....................................................