【正文】 1 Development of Surveying and Mapping in China during 19972020 Abstract From 1997 to 2020, great development has been made on surveying and mapping in China. Quite a few important projects have been pleted, such as China GPS positioning work, 1:250,000 scale database, etc. In the ing years, the main tasks in China are: the establishment of 1:50,000 scale database, and the construction of Network for National Fundamental Geographic Information Systems. I. ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE The State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping of China (SBSM) is an administrative agency of the Chinese Government for surveying and mapping, which was established in 1956. SBSM has two main functions: the organization and management of the national basic surveying and mapping work。 and the overall administration of the surveying and mapping profession. In the restructuring of the Chinese Government in 1998, SBSM remains as one of the state bureaus, but moved from the Ministry of Construction to the Ministry of Land and Resources. The main tasks for SBSM are as follows: 1. Drawing up administrative laws and regulations in surveying and mapping, making plans for the development of the surveying and mapping cause, management policies and technical standards for the surveying and mapping profession, and supervising their implementation according to 2 law. Organizing and managing basic surveying and mapping, international and administrative boundary surveying and mapping, cadastral surveying and mapping and other nationallevel or significant surveying and mapping projects, scientific and technological projects in surveying and mapping. 2. Working out managing procedures for the verification of qualifications of surveying and mapping organizations, and according to law, examining and approving Grade A qualifications of surveying and mapping organizations, managing the registration of surveying and mapping activities, examining and approving the supply of surveying and mapping results overseas, surveying and mapping activities in China conducted by foreign organizations or individuals, investigating and prosecuting nationallevel or serious illegal cases in surveying and mapping and being responsible for the reconsideration of relevant proceedings. Prepared by YI Shubai and BAI Bo, State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping, 9 Sanlihe Road, Beijing 100830 3. Managing national fundamental geographic information and data, organizing and guiding the social service of the fundamental geographic information。 managing national surveying and mapping datum and surveying control systems。 drafting standard sample maps defining the international boundaries of the People’s Republic of China in cooperation with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs。 examining and issuing important geographic information and data upon authorization。 guiding and supervising the management of various surveying and mapping results and the protection of surveying markers nationwide. 3 4. Formulating plans and technical standards for cadastral surveying and mapping, administering the verification of cadastral surveying and qualifications, and certifying cadastral surveying and mapping results. 5. According to law, administering the pilation of maps, examining maps to be published or presented to the public, administering the presentation of geographic names on maps. 6. Supervising and managing the national surveying and mapping budget and other earmarked funds. 7. Organizing international cooperation and exchanges. 8. Undertaking other missions assigned by the State Council and the Ministry of Land and Natural Resources. In each of the provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities, there is a branch, either a provincial bureau or a regional office. In most of the cities and prefectures, surveying and mapping administrative offices have been established. The surveying and mapping units in China are distributed in over 30 ministries and state bureaus with total 260,000 surveyors. They may be divided into three parts: the SBSM system。 the military surveying and mapping system。 and the professional surveying and mapping system. According to the statistics in 1998, there are over 5700 surveying and mapping units in China, which are legally qualified for mapping work, including 400 GradeA units, 1000 GradeB units, 2100 GradeC units, and 2200 GradeD units. II. LEGISLATION AND REGULATIONS The Surveying and Mapping Law of the People39。s Republic of China 4 was promulgated by the National People39。s Congress in December 1992. For meeting the requirement of the socialist market economy and the development of surveying and mapping technology, SBSM started in 1999 to make preparations for the amendments of the Surveying and Mapping Law. The emphasis of the amendments will be on the establishment of mechanism for basic surveying and mapping tasks, and the qualification of surveying and mapping units in the market, supplementary legal responsibilities. The amendment work has obtained support from the special mittee of the National People39。s Congress. In the past years, the State Council of China has promulgated a few regulations concerned with surveying and mapping such as the Regulations on Management of Surveying and Mapping Results, the Regulations on Map Compilation and Publication, the Regulations on the Protection of Surveying Markers.