外商直接投資和技術溢出：泰國制造業(yè)的一個跨行業(yè)分析外文翻譯-其他專業(yè)(已修改)
2025-02-04 08:56 本頁面
【正文】 出處： World Development, 2021, 34(3): 541556 中文 3087 字 畢業(yè)論文（設計） 外文翻譯 一、 外文原文 Foreign direct investment and Technology Spillover: A Crossindustry Analysis of Thai Manufacturing Foreign direct investment (FDI) has been widely recognized as a growthenhancing factor in investment receiving (host) countries. FDI not only brings in capital but also introduces advanced technology that can enhance the technological capability of the host country firms, thereby generating longterm and sustainable economic growth. More importantly, the technological benefit is not limited to locally affiliated firms but can also spread to nonaffiliated ones. The latter benefit is usually referred to as technology spillover. The expectation of gaining from technology spillover persuades many developing countries to offer various incentives in order to attract FDI. However the results of empirical research to test the validity of technology spillover are far from conclusive. Positive technology spillover from FDI has only been found in some Overall, the findings seem to suggest technology spillover is not automatic, but depends on both country specific factors and policy environment. Foreign Presence in Thai Manufacturing Thirdly, foreign plants are likely to be located in a highly protected industry. The average ERP2 of industries whose output shares of foreign plants are greater than 50% is %. The exception in these industries would be electrical machinery which is presumably dominated by laborintensive assembled electronics and electrical appliances. On the other hand, regarding the industries where the share of foreign plants is less than 50%, average ERP tends to be lower at around %. In addition, the output share of foreign plants is likely to be associated with the degree of market concentration. Involvement of foreign plants in the manufacturing sector was predominately in import substituting industries such as textiles, automobiles, and chemicals up to about the late 1970s (Akira, 1989). From then on, it was directed to more exportoriented activities. To begin with, exportoriented foreign firms entered light manufacturing industries such as clothing, footwear, and toys. More recently, laborintensive assembly activities in electronics and electrical goods industries have been the main attraction for foreign investors (Kohpaiboon, 2021). Such involvement has closely mirrored the shift in the trade policy regime. Thailand began its first national economic development plan in 1961 with an import substitution (IS) regime to promote industrialization. Tariffs were the major instrument used to influence the country’s development path. The role of tariffs to promote the domestic industry effectively began in 1974 with the imposition of an escalating tariff structure, where the tariff rate ascended from raw materials to finished products. These changes increasingly favored the production of finished products, particularly consumer products. In 1975, the range of the effective rate of protection (ERP) in the Thai manufacturing sector was between –36 to 350% (Akrasanee amp。 Ajanant, 1986). In 1982, the variation widened from – to 1,% (Chunanantathum et al. 1984). Several industries, such as textiles, tyre
試題試卷相關推薦
鄂ICP備17016276號-1