【正文】 最新高三英語閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)易錯剖析一、高中英語閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類1．犇犇閱讀短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。 Robots are now being employed not just for dangerous tasks, such as discovering mines or rescuing people in disasters. They are also finding application as household helps and as nursing assistants. As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent. A team led by Sari Nijssen of Radboud University and Markus Paulus, Professor of Developmental Psychology at LudwigMaximiliansUniversitaet (LMU), have carried out a study to determine the degree to which people show concern for robots and behave towards them based on moral principles. According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question: Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives? The participants were faced with a hypothetical (假設的) moral dilemma: Would they be prepared to put a single person at risk in order to save a group of injured persons? In the situations presented the intended victim was either a human, a humanoid robot that had been humanized (人性化的) to various degrees or a robot that was clearly recognizable as a machine. The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it. Situations that included vivid stories in which the robot was described as a merciful being or as a creature with its own understandings, experiences and thoughts, were more likely to stop the study participants from sacrificing it in the interests of anonymous (無名的) humans. This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot, says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.（1）What has bee a concern about robots? A.How to humanize them.B.How to treat them in life.C.How to use them effectively.D.How to find more applications.（2）In the study the participants probably have to decide ________. A.when to sacrifice a robotB.where to experience risksC.which robot to work withD.what robots should be like（3）What can be inferred from Paulus39。 words? A.Humanized robots offer less help to people.B.Humanizing robots too much may be improper.C.Certain moral status should be attached to robots.D.Conflicts often happen between humans and robots.（4）Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A.Robots, A Must for FutureB.Humanized Robots, A New TrendC.Robot Saved, People Take the HitD.Humanized Robots, Replace Human【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，隨著越來越多的機器人具有人性化，它們承擔越來越多樣化的專業(yè)和日常任務，人們如何看待他們，如何對待他們的問題變的迫在眉睫。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第一段中的“As increasing numbers of machines, equipped with the latest artificial intelligence, take on a growing variety of specialized and everyday tasks, the question of how people see them and behave towards them bees ever more urgent.”可知，隨著越來越多的機器裝備了最新的人工智能，承擔著越來越多的專業(yè)和日常任務，人們如何看待它們以及如何對待它們的問題變得越來越緊迫。故選B。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“According to Sari Nijssen, the study set out to answer the following question:‘ Under what circumstances would adults be willing to sacrifice robots to save human lives?’可知，在這項研究中，參與者可能必須決定何時犧牲機器人。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的‘This result indicates that our study group attached a certain moral status to the robot,’ says Paulus. One possible suggestion of this finding is that attempts to humanize robots should not go too far. Such efforts could e into conflict with their intended function—to be of help to us.可知，Paulus認為讓機器人人性化的嘗試不應該走得太遠，可以推斷出，Paulus認為過多地人性化機器人可能是不合適的。故選B。 （4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第四段中的“The study suggested that the more the robot was humanized, the less likely participants were to sacrifice it.”及全文內容可知，文章主要敘述了隨著越來越多的機器人具有人性化，參與者就可能越不會犧牲機器人。因此標題“機器人被拯救，人類就會承受打擊”最切題，故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個題型的考查，是一篇科教類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細節(jié)信息的基礎上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關系，進行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink (臭氣) too. Vulture (禿鴛) Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomitedon dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quicklyand the vomit can hurt the aggressor39。s eyes and face. Opossum (負鼠) In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to bee dead, they don39。t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won39。t move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed. Hoatzin (磨雉) Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it39。s the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the stink bird Millipedes (千足蟲) Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers. Sea Hare (海兔) The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it39。s not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smellrelated defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly panions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators. Researchers using lobsters (2f) as model