【正文】 中考專題：時間狀語從句和條件狀語從句學(xué)案Leadin:Q1:什么是狀語？ 通過一個簡單例句的拓展，看看狀語是什么 bought a present. 主 + 謂 + 賓 （無狀語）2. She bought a present hurriedly at the train station when the train was ing.方式狀語 地點狀語 時間狀語3. She would buy a present at the train station if she had enough time.地點狀語 條件狀語4. She bought a present at the train station with a lot of luggage in her arms. 地點狀語 伴隨狀語 bought a present hurriedly at the train station because the train was ing.方式狀語 地點狀語 原因狀語A:狀語是說明地點、時間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式和伴隨狀況等的一種句子成分。Q2:什么是狀語從句？ 根據(jù)其含義狀語從句可分為時間狀語從句，條件狀語從句，原因狀語從句，結(jié)果狀語從句，目的狀語從句，讓步狀語從句，比較狀語從句，地點狀語從句狀語從句時間狀語從句]常用when, as, while, before, after, since, till, until, as soon as等連詞來引導(dǎo)[Z,X,X,K]條件狀語從句通常由if, unless引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句通常由because, since, as引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句由so…that, such…that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句通常由 so that, in order that引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句通常由although, though等連詞引導(dǎo)比較狀語從句通常由as…as, 比較級 + than…等連詞引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句常常由where, wherever來引導(dǎo)本節(jié)課主要學(xué)習(xí)時間狀從和條件狀從。一、時間狀語從句（時間狀語從句是由when, as, while, after, before, since, until, as soon as 等從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的狀語從句。）觀察：①When I lived there, I used to go to the seashore on Sundays.②When we arrived at the scene and see blood everywhere., we called an ambulance. 小結(jié)：表示“當(dāng)(在)……時候”時，when相當(dāng)于at that time或during that time，既指時間點，也可指一段時間，引導(dǎo)的從句可用瞬間動詞，也可用延續(xù)性動詞(相當(dāng)于while)；與主句所表達的動作有先后，也可同時進行。翻譯：我正要出去時電話響了。 My grandparents wrote letters to keep in touch with others　　they were young.　　 B. since　　 C. after　　 D. beforeThe manager of the hotel was waiting at the gate 　　 the guests arrived.　　 B. when　　 C. unless　　 D. afterwhile 從句的側(cè)重點在于描述動作正在發(fā)生的狀態(tài)，它的意思是：當(dāng)while 事件正在發(fā)生的時候，另一件事如何如何。所以，while 從句一般用的是進行時，而另一件事的狀態(tài)沒有硬性的要求，根據(jù)具體情況而定。例：1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. 2. While they were talking, the bell rang. 正在他們談話的時候，上課鈴響了。Mr. Black walked around and offered help　　we were doing an experiment.A. while 　　 B. although 　 C .until 　　 D. unless【注意】while 也可用作并列連詞, 譯為“然而，可是”，表示一種強烈的轉(zhuǎn)折對比關(guān)系。例：We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, in fact, there were 40.I’d like to study law at university my cousin prefers geography. 1）as 從句表示的也是一件事情正在發(fā)生，另一件事也正在進行當(dāng)中。as 從句一般可以翻譯成“邊……邊……”。as 從句用的一般不用進行時，而用一般過去時。例如：The students took notes as they listened. 學(xué)生們邊聽課邊做筆記。2） as 表達的事件，往往只是主句動作發(fā)生的背景或條件時，as 只是一個次要的時間說明，不像while 從句有強調(diào) while 動作本身的意思。因此，as 常常翻譯成“隨著……”之意。例：1. As the time went on，the weather got worse. 隨著時間的推移，氣候更加糟糕。2. As years go by，China is getting stronger and richer. when, while, as 的互換　　如果從句動作和主句動作同時發(fā)生，并且從句動作為延續(xù)性動詞時，when，while，as 可以互換使用。1. When /While /As we were dancing, a stranger came in. [dance 為延續(xù)性動詞]2. When /While /As she was making a phone call, I was writing a letter. [make為延續(xù)比較while, when, as1）as, when 引導(dǎo)短暫性動作的動詞。例：Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 2）當(dāng)從句的動作發(fā)生于主句動作之前，只能用when 引導(dǎo)這個從句，不可用as 或 while。 例：When you have finished your work, you may have a rest. 3）從句表示“隨時間推移”連詞能用as，不用when 或while。例： As the day went on, the weather got worse.　(9)改錯When the days go on , the weather is getting colder and colder.考點： 觀察：① While in Beijing, I paid a visit to the Summer Palace. ② He often makes mistakes when speaking English.小結(jié)：當(dāng)when, while引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句，從句和主句的主語 ，或者從句主語是 且從句中含有 ，可以省略從句中的 和 。(15) She always sings while （do）her work. (16) 翻譯：當(dāng)她在工廠工作時，他教了許多朋友。（用省略句） 的用法1）這兩個連詞意義相同?？隙ㄐ问奖硎镜囊馑际恰白瞿呈轮敝聊硶r”，動詞必須是延續(xù)性的。否定形式表達的意思是“直至某時才做某事”。動詞為延續(xù)性或非延續(xù)性都可以?！　】隙ň洌篒 slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜時醒了。 　　　　　　Wait till I call you. 等著我叫你。　　否定句：She didn39。t arrive until 6 o39。clock. 她直到6點才到。 　　　　　　Don39。t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽車停穩(wěn)后再下車。 2）區(qū)別：1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。Till 在口語中用得比較多?！　±纾篣ntil you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. is not until… that…. （強調(diào)句）　例：It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. until…在句首，主句用倒裝?！ot until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.They walked till /until it was dark. (主句動詞是持續(xù)動詞)Xiao Ming didn’t leave home till / until his father came back. (主句動詞是瞬間動詞)Exercise:：李華的朋友一直等著他直到他來。他的母親直到湯姆回來才上床睡覺。：Till next week we’ve put off the party. :I didn’t leave until she came back. not until she came back I .（倒裝句） she came back leave.?。◤娬{(diào)句）　He served as Ming Pao’s editorinchief until he in 1989. Yong also founded Hong Kong’s major Chineselanguage newspaper MingPao in 1959,and served as its editorinchief un