【正文】 【英語(yǔ)】高三英語(yǔ)試卷英語(yǔ)閱讀理解(科普環(huán)保)題分類(lèi)匯編含解析一、高中英語(yǔ)閱讀理解科普環(huán)保類(lèi)1．犇犇閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 While every dog owner knows their dogs can read their moods perfectly, scientists have always been a little doubtful. Now thanks to some researchers at the University of Veterinary Medicine in Vienna, Austria, we finally have some convincing evidence. For their study, biologist Corson Miller and his team exposes eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy. Half the dogs were rewarded for touching the screen when shown a happy face, while the other half got their treat for selecting those that appeared angry. Interestingly, the dogs were not provided with the entire face. Some dogs were shown only upper halves while the others observed lower halves. That39。s because the scientists believe humans show their emotions on their entire face. After some training like how to recognize small differences like the wrinkles between the eyes or the changes in their shape that acpany the happy or angry expressions, the dogs were mostly able to identify the correct expression not only on a familiar face but on a strange face. The researchers concluded the dogs were smart enough to read human emotions. They also found those being trained to read angry expressions took a longer time to learn. They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly. However, once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear. In fact, the dogs had such a good time playing the puter game That scientists had a hard time keeping them away from the touch screens after the study was pleted. The researchers also noticed only dogs with a male owner had a harder time understanding the expressions correctly. Since the touchscreen models were all females, this confirmed what has been observed in previous studies dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner.（1）How did the scientists conduct the experiment? leaving dogs to women who are either happy or angry. mixing the selected dogs together. rewarding only half of the dogs touching the screen showing digital pictures of women39。s happy or angry faces.（2）The underlined word trepidation in Paragraph 5 probably means ________. and hesitation and eagerness and happiness and sadness（3）According to the last paragraph, dogs with female owners ________. fond of the male faces uninterested in telling the emotions on the entire faces difficulty telling the moods on the faces of males only recognize emotions of females（4）What is the best title for this passage? Changes Influence Dogs Identify the Moods and Their Owners39。s Mood Research【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，最新的實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn)，即狗能夠識(shí)別人的面部表情的變化。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的For their study biologist Corson Miller and his team exposed eleven selected dogs to digital images of women that were either angry or happy.可知，實(shí)驗(yàn)人員通過(guò)屏幕向這些狗展示了一組女性面部表情的照片，這些表情中既有快樂(lè)的，也有憤怒的。故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第五段中的They guess it may be because dogs find angry faces disgusting, causing them to withdraw quickly以及However可知，與前面意思相反，以及劃線(xiàn)詞后的disappear可知once the smart dogs realized they were getting rewarded, the trepidation seemed to disappear.…此句為，狗看到生氣的表情后會(huì)感到厭惡，并由此退縮，但是一旦聰明的狗意識(shí)到會(huì)有獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)之后，它們的恐懼以及退縮就會(huì)消失。由此可判斷出A符合題意，故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的......this confirmed what had been observed in previous studies―dogs are more efficient at reading facial expressions of people that are the same gender as their owner可知，狗擅長(zhǎng)辨別與自己主人性別相同的人的表情，由此推斷，讓主人是女性的狗來(lái)辨別男性面部表情的圖片是比較困難的。故選C。 （4）考查主旨大意。第一段提出文章的主旨即“每個(gè)狗的主人都知道他們的狗狗能很好地讀懂他們的情緒，但科學(xué)家們一直有點(diǎn)懷疑?，F(xiàn)在，有證據(jù)表明這是正確的”，接著在下文用硬實(shí)證明了這一點(diǎn)。因此本文的最好的題目就是“狗能識(shí)別人的情緒”。故選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)，推理判斷和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。2．犇犇閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 When hospital staff are in full scrubs (手術(shù)衣), their faces are almost pletely covered by their caps and face masks, and we can only see their eyes and eyebrows. In order to solve the problem, a doctor in Sydney, Australia, called Rob Hackett launched a campaign named Theatre (手術(shù)室) Cap Challengeencourage hospital staffs to write their39。 names and roles on their caps. At first, his colleagues didn39。t take it seriously. However, with time going on, it has been adopted around the world with studies from the US and UK reporting how this simple idea can decrease human errors in healthcare. I went to a theatre where there were about 20 doctors and nurses in the room, Dr. Rob Hackett said. I struggled to even ask to be passed some gloves because the person I was pointing to thought I was pointing to the person behind them, because I don39。t know their names. said Rob. As we all know, doctors are a stressful profession. When faced with life and death, they need to save the patient39。s life for a second. At the moment, effective munications are important. The 39。Theatre Cap Challenge39。 is in response to concerns about how easily avoidable mistakes and poor munication are contributing to rising harmful events for our patients. said Rob. We need to develop systems which reduce mistakes and misunderstanding without causing harm. For this to happen, we need to let everyone know we39。re human. he added On the other hand, from the patients39。 viewpoint, caps with names on them can make patients more unworried. When everyone appears the same, it is extremely difficult to distinguish who is who. Knowing them relaxed.（1）What can we learn from paragraph 1? A.Hospital staff are asked to cover their faces in hospitals.B.Rob is in favor of writing names and roles on caps.C.Rob wanted to be a professional doctor.D.Rob39。s idea can increase human errors in healthcare.（2）What can we know about the Theatre Cap Challenge from the text? A.It can make the caps more fashionable.B.It is strongly opposed to by all the doctors and nurses.C.It aims to avoid mistakes and poor munication.D.It can help people pass some gloves in a theatre.（3）Which of the following best explains were human underlined in paragraph3? A.We39。re generous.16