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design and implement monitoring systems ? review effective control systems ? reduce risks through preventative measure by controlling food hazards 18 Good Manufacturing Practice Maintenance Sanitation ? Effective systems to: ? ensure maintenance and cleaning ? control pests ? Manage waste ? Monitor effectiveness of maintenance and sanitation procedures 19 Good Manufacturing Practice Personal Hygiene ? Ensure that persons who e into contact with food are not likely to contaminate food by: ? Maintaining an appropriate degree of personal cleanliness ? Behaving in an appropriate manner ? Operate and handle food in an appropriate manner 20 Good Manufacturing Practice Transportation ? Protect food from potential sources of contamination ? Protect food from damage likely to render food unsuitable for consumption ? Provide an environment which effectively controls the growth of pathogenic or spoilage microbes and the production of toxins in food 21 Good Manufacturing Practice Product information ? Products should information to ensure: ? the next person in the food chain is able to handle, store, process and display food safely and correctly ? the product can be identified if recalled ? Consumers be able to: ? understand the product information and handle the product to keep it safe ? make informed choices appropriate for individual needs (. Allergies) 22 Good Manufacturing Practice Training ? Food handler training is essential to any food hygiene system. ? Ensure that persons handling food have skills and knowledge appropriate to their activities 23 GMP的特點(diǎn) ? 西方文化的產(chǎn)物 ? 衛(wèi)生的概念 ? 一致性 ? 兼容性 ? 互補(bǔ)性 ? 如何符合? 24 法規(guī)選擇 25 平行性法規(guī): CAC 食品衛(wèi)生通則、歐盟指令 93/43/EEC、 美國 GMP 110 等 垂直性法規(guī): 歐盟 93/493/EEC、 92/45/EEC、 92/46/EEC、89/437/EEC、 91/492/EEC、 美國 CFR Part 10 12 11 11 12 41 41 120等 26 “講衛(wèi)生” ? 理解衛(wèi)生與安全含義的差別 ? 清洗與消毒問題,慎用消毒液 ? 銹的問題 ? 生產(chǎn)加工環(huán)境、加工秩序和衛(wèi)生條件 ? 罐頭企業(yè)的共性問題 ? 衛(wèi)生指標(biāo)的理解 ? 放射性輻照的問題 27 符合 GMP ? 法律效用 ? 科學(xué)性 ? 傳統(tǒng)常規(guī)經(jīng)典做法 ? 西方文化背景考慮 ? 過程與結(jié)果(效果) ? 官方與企業(yè) ? 針對(duì)性和普遍性 28 行業(yè) GMP ? FDA 低酸罐頭食品、酸化食品 21CFR11 114 ? 歐盟指令 493/EC –水產(chǎn)品加工企業(yè) ? 各類加工規(guī)范 29 局限性 ? 基礎(chǔ)衛(wèi)生 ? 防疫體系 ? 官方監(jiān)控和管理 ? 原輔料的生產(chǎn)過程 – GAP 良好農(nóng)業(yè)規(guī)范 30 休息一會(huì)! Have A Cup of Coffee Please 31 什么是 SSOP? Sanitation Standard Operating Procedures SSOP: 食品衛(wèi)生標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作程序。 32 SSOP— FDA 1)水和冰的 安全性 2)食品接觸表面的清潔和 衛(wèi)生 3)防止 交叉污染 4)洗手、手的消毒和衛(wèi)生間設(shè)施的 維護(hù) 5)防止外來 污染物 混入 6)有毒化合物 的處理、貯存和使用 7)雇員 的健康狀況 8)昆蟲與鼠類的捕滅及 控制 33 SSOP— FDA 1)水和冰的安全性 2)食品接觸表面的清潔和 衛(wèi)生 3)防止 交叉 污染 4)洗手 、手的消毒和衛(wèi)生間設(shè)施的維護(hù) 5)防止外來污染物 混入 6)有毒化合物的處理、貯存和使用 7)雇員的健康狀況 8)昆蟲 與鼠類的捕滅及控制 34 SS