【正文】 theory – rather than laughter itself．New research, however, shows that “circuits” （電路） for laughter exist in very ancient regions of the human brain．As humans have included language into play, we may have developed new connections to joyous parts of our brains that evolved before the cerebral cortex（大腦皮層）, the outer layer associated with thought and memory． There is plenty of evidence that many other mammals make play sounds, which are like human laughter．Indeed, animals are capable of many emotional feelings, just like humans, some scientists say．The recognition by neuroscientists（神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)科學(xué)家）that the brain systems for pain, pleasure, and fear are the same in humans and other mammals underline our similarity to other species and is extremely important, said Tecumseh Fitch, a psychology lecturer at the University of St．Andrews in Scotland．In a 2003 study Panksepp and Bowling Green State University neurobiologist Jeff Burgdorf showed that if rats are tickled （呵癢） in a playful way, they readily chirp．Rats that were tickled developed a relationship with the researchers and became rapidly conditioned to seek tickles．Understanding the chirping of the rats may help scientists better understand human laughter． Robert Provine, a psychology professor at the University of Maryland in Baltimore, agrees there is an evolutionary continuity of laughter．Its origin is in tickling play, he says．Provine has studied chimpanzees and found a link between their laughter like noises and human laughter．Laughter is actually the sound of play, with the original’ pant – pant’（ 喘氣） the heavy breathing of physical play being the human ‘ha ha,’” Provine said．By studying the shift from the panting of chimps to the human ha ha, he discovered that breath control is the key to the appearance of both human laughter and speech．8．The 2003 study about rats being tickled are mentioned in paragraph 4 in order to show that ． A．rats are such smart aromas that they can laugh like humans B．a(chǎn)nimals have emotional feelings as human beings do C．a(chǎn)nimals39。 emotional feelings are now widely recognized D．tickling animals can help animals develop the ability of laughter9．According to the text, what is the most special about Jaak Panksepp39。s research? A．It focuses on animals39。 influence on human laughter． B．People39。s personalities are involved in the research． C．The research studies human brain as well． D．The research deals with laughter itself．10．We can infer from the above text that____________． A．Tecumseh Fitch and Robert Provine disagree with each other on laughter B．rats’ chirping and chimp’s panting are basically the same C．most animals are able to laugh but need to be trained first D．human beings have now fully understood animals’ behaviorsCAD BDCD BDB閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AHow often do you travel by plane?How much electricity do you use? These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint．In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller．But how much CO2 are we responsible for?A new book by Mike Berners Lee （a leading expert in carbon footprint） might be able to help．How bad are bananas? The Carbon Footprint of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity used in the brewery, the equipment, the travel and muting of the beer, and the packaging．It’s amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation．And it’s frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces．But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink．From BernersLee’s calculations, it’s clear that a pint （568ml） of locallybrewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer．This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging．The local beer only produces 300g of CO2, but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign lager from the supermarket．BernersLee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work．Nothing is more environmentallyfriendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what you’ve had to eat before．To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food．So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65g of CO2．However, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, it’s 200g．In fact, bananas are good in general because they don’t need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight．So, does this mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not, for a start, if you cycle, you don’t use your car, and the fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams．And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars traveling at speed．Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital．And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!So maybe it’s time for us all to start making some changes．Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please．1．According to BernersLee, which of the following produces the most carbon dioxide？ A．A pint of local beer we drink． B．A pint of imported beer we drink． C．A banana we eat before a bike ride． D．The bacon we eat before a bike ride．2．The underlined word “brewery” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “___________”． A．a(chǎn) factory where beer is made B．a(chǎn) machine which makes beer C．a(chǎn) container where beer is stored D．one of the things from which beer is made3．To make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often ___________． A．cycle to work B．drink more local beer C．calculate the amount of CO2 D．buy cheap things from the supermarkets4．What’s the most suitable title for the passage? A．Bikes, Beer and Bananas B．Starting to Make Changes C．How Big Is Your Carbon Footprin