【正文】
agricultural traits is plex, and so on. These questions have bee hindrance and choke point of cotton biology, validatation of cotton function gene and cotton relative gene clone. As the problems narrated above, The paper deal with four different varieties of Xinjiang cotton, Study on high efficiency plant regeneration system and the influence factors geic transformation of Xinjiang Cotton Varieties in primary research results are as follows.1 The research deal with four different varieties of Xinjiang cotton, epicotyls act as the explants in explants were cultured on four different shoot inducement culture mediums. In the culture medium of MSB + 6BA + NAA But when the concentration of 6BA is added,the vitrification phenomenon is pricked up. 2 The research deal with four different varieties of Xinjiang cotton, epicotyls act as the explants in explants were cultured on four different shoot inducement culture the different shoot inducement culture mediums, In the culture medium of MSB + KT + NAA had the highest ratio of producing multiple the ratio of producing multiple shoots are all lower than the pounding of 6BA and growth instance of multiple shoots is disproportion. 3 Rooting was induced in 1/4MS added 10 mg/L IBA is the best than any other rooting culture mediums,and its ratio can reach % Shoot induction of cotton epicotyl is geypeindependent, the results were not appeared much difference between these cultivars. It is showed that multiple shoots induction was not under the control of different plant regeneration system is high efficiency, short cycle and maneuverable.4 The agrobacteriummediated gene transformation procedure was discussed in detail. The factors, including precultivation time, immersion time, cocultivation periods and concentration of acetosyringone (AS), The optimized transformation protocol was obtained when epicotyl explants precultured for 3~5 days on regeneration medium were immersed into the diluted Agrobacterium suspension containing 100mg/L AS for 15 min and then were cocultured for 2 days with Agrobacterium and were finally subcultured on Vselection medium after reinforcing cultivation for 3 days on the regeneration medium containing 800 mg/L cefotaxime and 50mg/L Kan.5 From treated epicotyl by agrobacteriummediated transformation,resistant plantlets have been obtained after kan resistance screening.Under irradiation of UV,the leaf of resistant plantlets were primary inspected,the green fluorescence could be observed from the leaf of resistant plantlets.Key words: Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L. and L.)。 epicotyl and decapitated epicotyl explant。 direct anogenesis。 plant regeneration。 geic transformation 新疆棉花高效再生體系建立及其遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化影響因素的研究VI目 錄第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述 ................................................1 植物組織培養(yǎng)理論基礎(chǔ)、應(yīng)用及發(fā)展概況...................................1 植物基因工程概述、應(yīng)用及發(fā)展概況.......................................5 棉花組織培養(yǎng)植株再生研究進(jìn)展...........................................6 遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化研究在棉花育種上的應(yīng)用........................................11 GFP 報告基因的檢測....................................................19 本研究的目的和意義....................................................19第二章 材料和方法 ............................................21 試驗(yàn)材料..............................................................21 試驗(yàn)方法..............................................................21第三章 結(jié)果與分析 .............................................29 上胚軸外植體的多芽誘導(dǎo)................................................29 不同激素組合對多芽誘導(dǎo)的影響..........................................32 培養(yǎng)基中添加 IBA 對生根的影響..........................................34 培養(yǎng)條件對棉花遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化的影響..........................................35 GFP 基因的檢測........................................................39 討論..................................................................40第四章 結(jié)論 ..................................................42本研究論文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn) ..............................................43參考文獻(xiàn) ......................................................44附錄――縮略詞表 ..............................................50VII致謝 ..........................................................51個人簡介 ......................................................521第一章 文獻(xiàn)綜述棉花(Gossypium hirsutum L. and L.)是重要的經(jīng)濟(jì)作物。世界上約有 60 多個國家種植棉花。我國是世界上最大的棉花生產(chǎn)國和消費(fèi)國,在農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)及整個國民經(jīng)濟(jì)中棉花具有重要的作用。目前,我國棉花種植地區(qū)依據(jù)其不同的生態(tài)類型可劃分為三大棉區(qū),即西北內(nèi)陸棉區(qū)、長江流域棉區(qū)和黃河流域棉區(qū)。新疆隸屬西北邊陲,西北內(nèi)陸棉區(qū)主要就是指新疆棉區(qū) [1]。棉花喜溫好光,溫度和光照對纖維成熟度和強(qiáng)度影響很大。新疆作為我國特大型的優(yōu)質(zhì)商品棉基地,由于自然條件得天獨(dú)厚,越來越顯示出其重要性。自 90 年代以來,新疆棉區(qū)的棉花種植面積和棉花產(chǎn)量都在迅速增加,現(xiàn)在新疆棉花種植面積占全國 1/5,棉花總產(chǎn)量占 1/4,對保證我國棉紡工業(yè)的原料供應(yīng),改善棉花供求關(guān)系發(fā)揮著重要作用 [2,3]。如今新疆棉花生產(chǎn)既是新疆的重要經(jīng)濟(jì)支柱,也是穩(wěn)定國家棉花供應(yīng)的重要保障。然而,因?yàn)殚L期以來在品種之間雜交使其遺傳變異越來越狹窄,而且周期較長,常規(guī)遺傳育種方法在改進(jìn)棉花品質(zhì)、產(chǎn)量和抗性方面已不再像過去那樣有效。為了加快育種速度,利用高新技術(shù),將抗蚜蟲基因、抗黃萎基因、抗旱基因、抗鹽堿基因構(gòu)建轉(zhuǎn)化到棉花品種中的研究越來越受到科學(xué)研究者的關(guān)注。植物組織培養(yǎng)技術(shù)是植物生物技術(shù)的重要組成部分,既為基因工程提供理想的受體材料,又為常規(guī)的植物改良程序提供了一種新的手段,從而使很多傳統(tǒng)方法難以解決的問題迎刃而解,在生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中有著重要應(yīng)用前景 [4]。同時,.隨著基因工程技術(shù)的發(fā)展,植物組織培養(yǎng)又為植物遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化奠定堅(jiān)實(shí)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ),對培養(yǎng)抗病蟲害、抗逆、高產(chǎn)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的作物新品種正發(fā)揮著巨大潛力和作用,其應(yīng)用必將使作物育種工作在原有傳統(tǒng)技術(shù)基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)一步朝著精確化、高效化的方向發(fā)展 [5]。 植物組織培養(yǎng)理論基礎(chǔ)、應(yīng)用及發(fā)展概況 植物組織培養(yǎng)的概述植物組織培養(yǎng)(Plant tissue culture)是以細(xì)胞生物學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)、植物生理學(xué)等學(xué)科為基礎(chǔ),在人為控制的條件下,把植物的器官、組織、胚胎、細(xì)胞或原生質(zhì)體置于無菌的環(huán)境中,供給它們足夠的營養(yǎng)物質(zhì),同時給予適宜的環(huán)境,使它們得以生存和發(fā)展的一種培養(yǎng)方法。由于培養(yǎng)的對象大多是脫離植物母體的外植體,培養(yǎng)的器皿一新疆棉花高效再生體系建立及其遺傳轉(zhuǎn)化影響因素的研究2般是在試管內(nèi),所以植物組織培養(yǎng)也叫離體(體外)培養(yǎng)(culture in vitro)或試管培養(yǎng)(culture in testtube) [6,7]。作為植物生物技術(shù)支柱之一的植物組織培養(yǎng)技術(shù),其歷史可以追溯到Schleiden(1938)和 Schwann(1939)的細(xì)胞學(xué)說,甚至可以推前到 1902 年Haberlandt 發(fā)表關(guān)于植物葉肉細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的研究開始,至 20 世紀(jì) 60 年代,植物組織培養(yǎng)技術(shù)得到了迅猛的發(fā)展,形成了比較完整和成熟的體系。目前,這一技術(shù)已成為一門精細(xì)的實(shí)驗(yàn)科學(xué),所建立的成套標(biāo)準(zhǔn)操作程序已在實(shí)踐中得到廣泛應(yīng)用,特別是在快速繁育名貴花卉、果木、樹木、蔬菜、藥用植物和農(nóng)作物等方面都已取得了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益。植物組織與細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)技術(shù)(細(xì)胞工程) 、重組 DNA 技術(shù)(基因工程)構(gòu)成了植物生物技術(shù)的主體。從應(yīng)用上來看,可以分成兩個方面:一類是與遺傳改良直接有關(guān)的技術(shù)(原生質(zhì)體培養(yǎng)與融合、染色體工程、基因工程等) ;另一類是與繁殖有關(guān)的間接的技術(shù)(如微體繁殖) ,它們對作物育種都有著重要作用。最近植物組織培養(yǎng)在植物生物技術(shù)研究方面所展示的成就為彌補(bǔ)作物育種常規(guī)技術(shù)的某些局限性提供了非常值得重視的機(jī)會和可能性 [812]。 植物組織培養(yǎng)的基本理論植物組織細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的理論基礎(chǔ)是建立在細(xì)胞學(xué)說和細(xì)胞的全能性的概念上。植物細(xì)胞的全能性(totipotancy )是指植物的每個細(xì)胞具有該植物的全部遺傳信息和離體細(xì)胞在一定培養(yǎng)條件下具有發(fā)育成完整植株的潛在能力。在植物的生長發(fā)育中,從一個受精卵分裂到產(chǎn)生具有完整形態(tài)和結(jié)構(gòu)機(jī)能的植株,這