【正文】
決定于傳入沖動(dòng)所到達(dá)的高級(jí)中樞的部位,而不是取決于動(dòng)作電位的的波形或序列特性的差別。 ? 動(dòng)作電位的頻率與感受器電位的幅度密切相關(guān)。刺激強(qiáng)度除了可以通過單一神經(jīng)纖維上動(dòng)物電位的頻率高低來編碼外,還通過參與信息傳輸?shù)纳窠?jīng)纖維的數(shù)目的多少進(jìn)行編碼。 Coding function of Receptor 蛙肌梭中刺激強(qiáng)度的編碼模式圖 A 在過程中記錄到的感受器電位和傳入放電 B 用河豚毒阻遏動(dòng)作電位后,傳入放電消失,但仍可看到在動(dòng)-靜式過程中的感受器電位 C 示動(dòng)靜牽拉 ? 當(dāng)刺激持續(xù)作用于感受器時(shí),一個(gè)常見的現(xiàn)象是,雖然刺激繼續(xù)存在,但由其所誘發(fā)的傳入神經(jīng)纖維上的沖動(dòng)頻率逐漸下降,這一現(xiàn)象稱為感受器的適應(yīng)。 ? 快適應(yīng)感受器也叫速率感受器或位相感受器,如負(fù)責(zé)皮膚觸覺的環(huán)層小體。 ? 慢適應(yīng)感受器也叫緊張性感受器,如肌梭、血壓感受器 ? 痛覺末梢沒有適應(yīng)現(xiàn)象 ? 機(jī)制比較復(fù)雜 ? 感覺的適應(yīng) Adaptation of Receptor ? Eye functions like a camera ? Iris allows light into eye ? Cornea, Lens amp。 humors focus light onto retina ? Light striking retina is converted into action potentials relayed to brain Visual function of the eyes The Structure of a human eye Optic Characteristics of Refractive System ? The refractive system of the human eye is posed of the cornea, aqueous humor(房水) , crystalline lens, and vitreous humor(玻璃體) . ? The image of distant object (6 m away) will be focused on the retina。 The Refractive system in human eye and its regulation The refraction of light and reduced eye Acmodation of eye 看 6m以外的物體不需調(diào)節(jié),由看外物到看近物時(shí)需要調(diào)節(jié),人 眼的調(diào)節(jié) 也就是折光能力的改變,主要是靠晶狀體形狀的改變來實(shí)現(xiàn)。 ? The visual acmodation is mainly through increasing curvature of crystalline lens. ? The power of acmodation is limited. ? If a object is close enough to the eye, the increased refracting power of the crystalline lens is insufficient to overe the light divergence, and the object will be blurred. ? The nearest distance of the eye at which an object can seen distinctly is called the near point. ? At this point, the visual acmodation is at a maximum. 晶狀體 (lens)的調(diào)節(jié) Muscles w