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中學英語語法分類復習-動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)-文庫吧

2024-12-27 02:49 本頁面


【正文】 時表示過去的動作或存在的狀態(tài),這個動作可以是一次,也可能是經(jīng)常性的。如: ① I went to town yesterday.(一次)。 ② When I was young, I took cold bath regularly.(經(jīng)常) 一般過去時里,動詞 be 第一、三人稱單數(shù)為 was,其他人稱為 were,動詞have 一律用 had。行為動詞一律用過去式,沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化。用 助動詞did 構成行為動詞的否定和疑問句。 一般過去時的用法: 1)過去 某時 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。如: Who pointed out the mistake? 2)過去 經(jīng)常 發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。 He will never be what he used to be. 3)在 口語 中 want, hope, wish, wonder, think 等動詞的過去時表示現(xiàn)在的一種委婉的語氣或一種試探性的態(tài)度。 I wonder/wondered if you could spare a few minutes. I want/wanted to ask if I can/could borrow your bike. I hope/hoped you can/could give us some help. 4)在虛擬語氣中常用一般過去時表示對 現(xiàn)在 或 將來 的假設: If I were you, I would help him. It39。s time you had lunch. 5)情態(tài)動詞的過去式如: could, would, should, might 可用于現(xiàn)在或將來表示一種委婉的語氣。如: Could you lend me your book? Would you like a cup of tea? What should I do now? 6)表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作也可用 used to 或 would 兩者后接動詞原形表示。但前者暗示 “現(xiàn)在已不再 ”,可以 接 狀態(tài) 動詞或 動作 動詞;后者不暗示現(xiàn)在 的情況 ,只能 接 動作 動詞。如: 5 ① He is no longer what he used to be. ② He used to walk after supper, didn39。t he? ③ I would tell him some stories when I lived there. 7)一般過去時常用的狀語有: yesterday, in 1990, two years ago, last week, for + 時間段等。如: ① He fell ill yesterday. ② We had a good time last Sunday. ③ She got up early when she was young. ④ He worked there for ten years. ☆有些 情況,發(fā)生的具體時間不太清楚,但實際上是過去發(fā)生的,應該用過去時 : He was glad to see me. 三、一般將來時 一般將來時表示將來某一 時刻 的動作或狀態(tài),或將來某一 時間段內(nèi) 經(jīng)常有的動作或狀態(tài)。由“助動詞 shall(第一稱) / will(第二、三人稱) +動詞原形”構成。美國英語中不管什么人稱均用 will。另外還有其他幾種構成形式: ① be going to do ② be to do ③ be (not)about to do ④ be doing ⑤ 一般現(xiàn)在時 ▲一般將來時 常用的狀語有: tomorrow, next week, from now on, in a month, in the future 等。 一般將來時的用法: 1) shall / will + 動詞原形 表示不含主觀因素的 單純的時間上的 將來,特別是談一連串的事情或在含有時間或條件狀語從句的句子中,謂語多用將來時。如: I will be fifteen years old next year. Next time I39。ll try to do better. I39。ll speak more English and do more readingaloud. If it rains tomorrow, I will stay home. When I see him, I’ll tell him about it. 2)條件從句中只有兩種情況可用一般將來時: : If they won39。t cooperate, our plan will fall flat. If you will wait for me, I shall go with you. 現(xiàn)在情況: If he won39。t arrive this morning, why should we wait here? 3)用 will 表示一種傾向、習慣動作或必然趨勢。 A drowning man will catch a straw. Crops will die without water. 6 Accidents will 。 Children will be 。 其否定式可表 “不能 /沒法 …” 。 This machine won39。t work. This plan won39。t act. 4)“ be going to+動詞原形”:在表示打算或準備做某事時,如不提時間 /條件等時,多用此結構。自然現(xiàn)象也用該結構。如: What are you going to do this evening? I39。m going to finish the work this week. I am going to call on an old friend of mine. It39。s going to rain. 5 ) be doing 限于某些非延續(xù)性動詞 (如 go, e, stay, move, leave, start, finish等) 的進行時表示將來,表示按計劃安排要發(fā)生的事。 (此用法具口語性、近期性、動詞局限性)。(參見“現(xiàn)在進行時”) ① I am finishing my work. ② He is ing. ③ They are leaving for Tibet. 6)“ be to +動詞原形”表示吩咐、命令、約定、計劃中的或按職業(yè)義務、要求即將發(fā)生的動作。還可表示“注定會 ”。如: He is to give us a talk. (=He is going to give us a talk.) The medicine is to be taken three times a day. Where am I to put these books? You are to clean the room. He would not listen to me, so he is to fail. 7) “be about to +動詞原形 ”表示 “就要 ,正要 ”。 在這種情況下不可與表將來 時間狀語連用。如: We are about to leave, so there is no time to visit him now. The meeting is about to begin. 8)該時態(tài)有時用來表示揣測: That man in the middle will be the visiting minister.或容量: The hall will seat 500 people. 9)shall, will 還有情態(tài)動詞用法(參見“情態(tài)動詞”部分)。 四、現(xiàn)在進行時 表示說話人 說話時正在進行的動作,或現(xiàn)階段內(nèi)在進行的動作,漢語常用“正在”表示。由“助動詞 am /is / are + 現(xiàn)在分詞詞”構成。如: ① Is it raining? ② I am doing my homework. ③ The students are cleaning the classroom. 7 ④ What are you doing now? I39。m doing some washing. 現(xiàn)在進行時的用法: 1)說話時正在進行的動作。 Is it snowing now? 2)表示現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作,雖然此時此刻這一動作不一定在進行。 How are you getting on with your work these days? 3)在時間、條件狀語從句中,有時可以用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來,語氣比用一般現(xiàn)在時顯得更確定。 Don39。t mention this when you are talking with him. 你和他談話時不要提這件事。 4)現(xiàn)在進行時有時可用來表示在最近按安排或計劃要進行的動作 (多有表未來的時間狀語) ,但僅限于少量動詞: go,stay, e, leave, start, arrive, lunch, return, dine, work, sleep, stay, play, do, have, wear, take off 等。 (參見“一般將來時”) 。如: We are going there t
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